Imported Upstream version 5.9.5upstream/5.9.5

1 files changed, 5554 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/regparse.c b/regparse.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf72300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/regparse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5554 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+  regparse.c -  Oniguruma (regular expression library)
+**********************************************************************/
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2008  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include "regparse.h"
+#include "st.h"
+
+#define WARN_BUFSIZE    256
+
+#define CASE_FOLD_IS_APPLIED_INSIDE_NEGATIVE_CCLASS
+
+
+OnigSyntaxType OnigSyntaxRuby = {
+  (( SYN_GNU_REGEX_OP | ONIG_SYN_OP_QMARK_NON_GREEDY |
+     ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_OCTAL3 | ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_X_HEX2 |
+     ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_X_BRACE_HEX8 | ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_CONTROL_CHARS |
+     ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_C_CONTROL )
+   & ~ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_LTGT_WORD_BEGIN_END )
+  , ( ONIG_SYN_OP2_QMARK_GROUP_EFFECT |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_OPTION_RUBY |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_QMARK_LT_NAMED_GROUP | ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_K_NAMED_BACKREF |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_G_SUBEXP_CALL |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_P_BRACE_CHAR_PROPERTY  |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_P_BRACE_CIRCUMFLEX_NOT |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_PLUS_POSSESSIVE_REPEAT |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_CCLASS_SET_OP | ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_CAPITAL_C_BAR_CONTROL |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_CAPITAL_M_BAR_META | ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_V_VTAB |
+      ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_H_XDIGIT )
+  , ( SYN_GNU_REGEX_BV | 
+      ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_INTERVAL_LOW_ABBREV |
+      ONIG_SYN_DIFFERENT_LEN_ALT_LOOK_BEHIND |
+      ONIG_SYN_CAPTURE_ONLY_NAMED_GROUP |
+      ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_MULTIPLEX_DEFINITION_NAME |
+      ONIG_SYN_FIXED_INTERVAL_IS_GREEDY_ONLY |
+      ONIG_SYN_WARN_CC_OP_NOT_ESCAPED |
+      ONIG_SYN_WARN_REDUNDANT_NESTED_REPEAT )
+  , ONIG_OPTION_NONE
+  ,
+  {
+      (OnigCodePoint )'\\'                       /* esc */
+    , (OnigCodePoint )ONIG_INEFFECTIVE_META_CHAR /* anychar '.'  */
+    , (OnigCodePoint )ONIG_INEFFECTIVE_META_CHAR /* anytime '*'  */
+    , (OnigCodePoint )ONIG_INEFFECTIVE_META_CHAR /* zero or one time '?' */
+    , (OnigCodePoint )ONIG_INEFFECTIVE_META_CHAR /* one or more time '+' */
+    , (OnigCodePoint )ONIG_INEFFECTIVE_META_CHAR /* anychar anytime */
+  }
+};
+
+OnigSyntaxType*  OnigDefaultSyntax = ONIG_SYNTAX_RUBY;
+
+extern void onig_null_warn(const char* s ARG_UNUSED) { }
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_WARN_FUNCTION
+static OnigWarnFunc onig_warn = (OnigWarnFunc )DEFAULT_WARN_FUNCTION;
+#else
+static OnigWarnFunc onig_warn = onig_null_warn;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_VERB_WARN_FUNCTION
+static OnigWarnFunc onig_verb_warn = (OnigWarnFunc )DEFAULT_VERB_WARN_FUNCTION;
+#else
+static OnigWarnFunc onig_verb_warn = onig_null_warn;
+#endif
+
+extern void onig_set_warn_func(OnigWarnFunc f)
+{
+  onig_warn = f;
+}
+
+extern void onig_set_verb_warn_func(OnigWarnFunc f)
+{
+  onig_verb_warn = f;
+}
+
+static void
+bbuf_free(BBuf* bbuf)
+{
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(bbuf)) {
+    if (IS_NOT_NULL(bbuf->p)) xfree(bbuf->p);
+    xfree(bbuf);
+  }
+}
+
+static int
+bbuf_clone(BBuf** rto, BBuf* from)
+{
+  int r;
+  BBuf *to;
+
+  *rto = to = (BBuf* )xmalloc(sizeof(BBuf));
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(to);
+  r = BBUF_INIT(to, from->alloc);
+  if (r != 0) return r;
+  to->used = from->used;
+  xmemcpy(to->p, from->p, from->used);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define BACKREF_REL_TO_ABS(rel_no, env) \
+  ((env)->num_mem + 1 + (rel_no))
+
+#define ONOFF(v,f,negative)    (negative) ? ((v) &= ~(f)) : ((v) |= (f))
+
+#define MBCODE_START_POS(enc) \
+  (OnigCodePoint )(ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(enc) > 1 ? 0 : 0x80)
+
+#define SET_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, pbuf) \
+  add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, MBCODE_START_POS(enc), ~((OnigCodePoint )0))
+
+#define ADD_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, mbuf) do {\
+  if (! ONIGENC_IS_SINGLEBYTE(enc)) {\
+    r = SET_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, &(mbuf));\
+    if (r) return r;\
+  }\
+} while (0)
+
+
+#define BITSET_IS_EMPTY(bs,empty) do {\
+  int i;\
+  empty = 1;\
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )BITSET_SIZE; i++) {\
+    if ((bs)[i] != 0) {\
+      empty = 0; break;\
+    }\
+  }\
+} while (0)
+
+static void
+bitset_set_range(BitSetRef bs, int from, int to)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = from; i <= to && i < SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE; i++) {
+    BITSET_SET_BIT(bs, i);
+  }
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+bitset_set_all(BitSetRef bs)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < BITSET_SIZE; i++) { bs[i] = ~((Bits )0); }
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+bitset_invert(BitSetRef bs)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )BITSET_SIZE; i++) { bs[i] = ~(bs[i]); }
+}
+
+static void
+bitset_invert_to(BitSetRef from, BitSetRef to)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )BITSET_SIZE; i++) { to[i] = ~(from[i]); }
+}
+
+static void
+bitset_and(BitSetRef dest, BitSetRef bs)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )BITSET_SIZE; i++) { dest[i] &= bs[i]; }
+}
+
+static void
+bitset_or(BitSetRef dest, BitSetRef bs)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )BITSET_SIZE; i++) { dest[i] |= bs[i]; }
+}
+
+static void
+bitset_copy(BitSetRef dest, BitSetRef bs)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )BITSET_SIZE; i++) { dest[i] = bs[i]; }
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_strncmp(const UChar* s1, const UChar* s2, int n)
+{
+  int x;
+
+  while (n-- > 0) {
+    x = *s2++ - *s1++;
+    if (x) return x;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern void
+onig_strcpy(UChar* dest, const UChar* src, const UChar* end)
+{
+  int len = end - src;
+  if (len > 0) {
+    xmemcpy(dest, src, len);
+    dest[len] = (UChar )0;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+static UChar*
+strdup_with_null(OnigEncoding enc, UChar* s, UChar* end)
+{
+  int slen, term_len, i;
+  UChar *r;
+
+  slen = end - s;
+  term_len = ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(enc);
+
+  r = (UChar* )xmalloc(slen + term_len);
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(r);
+  xmemcpy(r, s, slen);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < term_len; i++)
+    r[slen + i] = (UChar )0;
+
+  return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* scan pattern methods */
+#define PEND_VALUE   0
+
+#define PFETCH_READY  UChar* pfetch_prev
+#define PEND         (p < end ?  0 : 1)
+#define PUNFETCH     p = pfetch_prev
+#define PINC       do { \
+  pfetch_prev = p; \
+  p += ONIGENC_MBC_ENC_LEN(enc, p); \
+} while (0)
+#define PFETCH(c)  do { \
+  c = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, p, end); \
+  pfetch_prev = p; \
+  p += ONIGENC_MBC_ENC_LEN(enc, p); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PINC_S     do { \
+  p += ONIGENC_MBC_ENC_LEN(enc, p); \
+} while (0)
+#define PFETCH_S(c) do { \
+  c = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, p, end); \
+  p += ONIGENC_MBC_ENC_LEN(enc, p); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PPEEK        (p < end ? ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, p, end) : PEND_VALUE)
+#define PPEEK_IS(c)  (PPEEK == (OnigCodePoint )c)
+
+static UChar*
+strcat_capa(UChar* dest, UChar* dest_end, const UChar* src, const UChar* src_end,
+	      int capa)
+{
+  UChar* r;
+
+  if (dest)
+    r = (UChar* )xrealloc(dest, capa + 1);
+  else
+    r = (UChar* )xmalloc(capa + 1);
+
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(r);
+  onig_strcpy(r + (dest_end - dest), src, src_end);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* dest on static area */
+static UChar*
+strcat_capa_from_static(UChar* dest, UChar* dest_end,
+			const UChar* src, const UChar* src_end, int capa)
+{
+  UChar* r;
+
+  r = (UChar* )xmalloc(capa + 1);
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(r);
+  onig_strcpy(r, dest, dest_end);
+  onig_strcpy(r + (dest_end - dest), src, src_end);
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef USE_ST_LIBRARY
+
+typedef struct {
+  UChar* s;
+  UChar* end;
+} st_str_end_key;
+
+static int
+str_end_cmp(st_str_end_key* x, st_str_end_key* y)
+{
+  UChar *p, *q;
+  int c;
+
+  if ((x->end - x->s) != (y->end - y->s))
+    return 1;
+
+  p = x->s;
+  q = y->s;
+  while (p < x->end) {
+    c = (int )*p - (int )*q;
+    if (c != 0) return c;
+
+    p++; q++;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+str_end_hash(st_str_end_key* x)
+{
+  UChar *p;
+  int val = 0;
+
+  p = x->s;
+  while (p < x->end) {
+    val = val * 997 + (int )*p++;
+  }
+
+  return val + (val >> 5);
+}
+
+extern hash_table_type*
+onig_st_init_strend_table_with_size(int size)
+{
+  static struct st_hash_type hashType = {
+    str_end_cmp,
+    str_end_hash,
+  };
+
+  return (hash_table_type* )
+           onig_st_init_table_with_size(&hashType, size);
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_st_lookup_strend(hash_table_type* table, const UChar* str_key,
+		      const UChar* end_key, hash_data_type *value)
+{
+  st_str_end_key key;
+
+  key.s   = (UChar* )str_key;
+  key.end = (UChar* )end_key;
+
+  return onig_st_lookup(table, (st_data_t )(&key), value);
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_st_insert_strend(hash_table_type* table, const UChar* str_key,
+		      const UChar* end_key, hash_data_type value)
+{
+  st_str_end_key* key;
+  int result;
+
+  key = (st_str_end_key* )xmalloc(sizeof(st_str_end_key));
+  key->s   = (UChar* )str_key;
+  key->end = (UChar* )end_key;
+  result = onig_st_insert(table, (st_data_t )key, value);
+  if (result) {
+    xfree(key);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+#endif /* USE_ST_LIBRARY */
+
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+
+#define INIT_NAME_BACKREFS_ALLOC_NUM   8
+
+typedef struct {
+  UChar* name;
+  int    name_len;   /* byte length */
+  int    back_num;   /* number of backrefs */
+  int    back_alloc;
+  int    back_ref1;
+  int*   back_refs;
+} NameEntry;
+
+#ifdef USE_ST_LIBRARY
+
+typedef st_table  NameTable;
+typedef st_data_t HashDataType;   /* 1.6 st.h doesn't define st_data_t type */
+
+#define NAMEBUF_SIZE    24
+#define NAMEBUF_SIZE_1  25
+
+#ifdef ONIG_DEBUG
+static int
+i_print_name_entry(UChar* key, NameEntry* e, void* arg)
+{
+  int i;
+  FILE* fp = (FILE* )arg;
+
+  fprintf(fp, "%s: ", e->name);
+  if (e->back_num == 0)
+    fputs("-", fp);
+  else if (e->back_num == 1)
+    fprintf(fp, "%d", e->back_ref1);
+  else {
+    for (i = 0; i < e->back_num; i++) {
+      if (i > 0) fprintf(fp, ", ");
+      fprintf(fp, "%d", e->back_refs[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  fputs("\n", fp);
+  return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_print_names(FILE* fp, regex_t* reg)
+{
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    fprintf(fp, "name table\n");
+    onig_st_foreach(t, i_print_name_entry, (HashDataType )fp);
+    fputs("\n", fp);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* ONIG_DEBUG */
+
+static int
+i_free_name_entry(UChar* key, NameEntry* e, void* arg ARG_UNUSED)
+{
+  xfree(e->name);
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(e->back_refs)) xfree(e->back_refs);
+  xfree(key);
+  xfree(e);
+  return ST_DELETE;
+}
+
+static int
+names_clear(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    onig_st_foreach(t, i_free_name_entry, 0);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_names_free(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  int r;
+  NameTable* t;
+
+  r = names_clear(reg);
+  if (r) return r;
+
+  t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) onig_st_free_table(t);
+  reg->name_table = (void* )NULL;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static NameEntry*
+name_find(regex_t* reg, const UChar* name, const UChar* name_end)
+{
+  NameEntry* e;
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  e = (NameEntry* )NULL;
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    onig_st_lookup_strend(t, name, name_end, (HashDataType* )((void* )(&e)));
+  }
+  return e;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  int (*func)(const UChar*, const UChar*,int,int*,regex_t*,void*);
+  regex_t* reg;
+  void* arg;
+  int ret;
+  OnigEncoding enc;
+} INamesArg;
+
+static int
+i_names(UChar* key ARG_UNUSED, NameEntry* e, INamesArg* arg)
+{
+  int r = (*(arg->func))(e->name,
+                         e->name + e->name_len,
+                         e->back_num,
+			 (e->back_num > 1 ? e->back_refs : &(e->back_ref1)),
+			 arg->reg, arg->arg);
+  if (r != 0) {
+    arg->ret = r;
+    return ST_STOP;
+  }
+  return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_foreach_name(regex_t* reg,
+  int (*func)(const UChar*, const UChar*,int,int*,regex_t*,void*), void* arg)
+{
+  INamesArg narg;
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  narg.ret = 0;
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    narg.func = func;
+    narg.reg  = reg;
+    narg.arg  = arg;
+    narg.enc  = reg->enc; /* should be pattern encoding. */
+    onig_st_foreach(t, i_names, (HashDataType )&narg);
+  }
+  return narg.ret;
+}
+
+static int
+i_renumber_name(UChar* key ARG_UNUSED, NameEntry* e, GroupNumRemap* map)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  if (e->back_num > 1) {
+    for (i = 0; i < e->back_num; i++) {
+      e->back_refs[i] = map[e->back_refs[i]].new_val;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (e->back_num == 1) {
+    e->back_ref1 = map[e->back_ref1].new_val;
+  }
+
+  return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_renumber_name_table(regex_t* reg, GroupNumRemap* map)
+{
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    onig_st_foreach(t, i_renumber_name, (HashDataType )map);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+extern int
+onig_number_of_names(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t))
+    return t->num_entries;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#else  /* USE_ST_LIBRARY */
+
+#define INIT_NAMES_ALLOC_NUM    8
+
+typedef struct {
+  NameEntry* e;
+  int        num;
+  int        alloc;
+} NameTable;
+
+#ifdef ONIG_DEBUG
+extern int
+onig_print_names(FILE* fp, regex_t* reg)
+{
+  int i, j;
+  NameEntry* e;
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t) && t->num > 0) {
+    fprintf(fp, "name table\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < t->num; i++) {
+      e = &(t->e[i]);
+      fprintf(fp, "%s: ", e->name);
+      if (e->back_num == 0) {
+	fputs("-", fp);
+      }
+      else if (e->back_num == 1) {
+	fprintf(fp, "%d", e->back_ref1);
+      }
+      else {
+	for (j = 0; j < e->back_num; j++) {
+	  if (j > 0) fprintf(fp, ", ");
+	  fprintf(fp, "%d", e->back_refs[j]);
+	}
+      }
+      fputs("\n", fp);
+    }
+    fputs("\n", fp);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+names_clear(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  int i;
+  NameEntry* e;
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    for (i = 0; i < t->num; i++) {
+      e = &(t->e[i]);
+      if (IS_NOT_NULL(e->name)) {
+	xfree(e->name);
+	e->name       = NULL;
+	e->name_len   = 0;
+	e->back_num   = 0;
+	e->back_alloc = 0;
+	if (IS_NOT_NULL(e->back_refs)) xfree(e->back_refs);
+	e->back_refs = (int* )NULL;
+      }
+    }
+    if (IS_NOT_NULL(t->e)) {
+      xfree(t->e);
+      t->e = NULL;
+    }
+    t->num = 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_names_free(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  int r;
+  NameTable* t;
+
+  r = names_clear(reg);
+  if (r) return r;
+
+  t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) xfree(t);
+  reg->name_table = NULL;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static NameEntry*
+name_find(regex_t* reg, UChar* name, UChar* name_end)
+{
+  int i, len;
+  NameEntry* e;
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    len = name_end - name;
+    for (i = 0; i < t->num; i++) {
+      e = &(t->e[i]);
+      if (len == e->name_len && onig_strncmp(name, e->name, len) == 0)
+	return e;
+    }
+  }
+  return (NameEntry* )NULL;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_foreach_name(regex_t* reg,
+  int (*func)(const UChar*, const UChar*,int,int*,regex_t*,void*), void* arg)
+{
+  int i, r;
+  NameEntry* e;
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t)) {
+    for (i = 0; i < t->num; i++) {
+      e = &(t->e[i]);
+      r = (*func)(e->name, e->name + e->name_len, e->back_num,
+		  (e->back_num > 1 ? e->back_refs : &(e->back_ref1)),
+		  reg, arg);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_number_of_names(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(t))
+    return t->num;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* else USE_ST_LIBRARY */
+
+static int
+name_add(regex_t* reg, UChar* name, UChar* name_end, int backref, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int alloc;
+  NameEntry* e;
+  NameTable* t = (NameTable* )reg->name_table;
+
+  if (name_end - name <= 0)
+    return ONIGERR_EMPTY_GROUP_NAME;
+
+  e = name_find(reg, name, name_end);
+  if (IS_NULL(e)) {
+#ifdef USE_ST_LIBRARY
+    if (IS_NULL(t)) {
+      t = onig_st_init_strend_table_with_size(5);
+      reg->name_table = (void* )t;
+    }
+    e = (NameEntry* )xmalloc(sizeof(NameEntry));
+    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(e);
+
+    e->name = strdup_with_null(reg->enc, name, name_end);
+    if (IS_NULL(e->name)) {
+      xfree(e);  return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+    }
+    onig_st_insert_strend(t, e->name, (e->name + (name_end - name)),
+                          (HashDataType )e);
+
+    e->name_len   = name_end - name;
+    e->back_num   = 0;
+    e->back_alloc = 0;
+    e->back_refs  = (int* )NULL;
+
+#else
+
+    if (IS_NULL(t)) {
+      alloc = INIT_NAMES_ALLOC_NUM;
+      t = (NameTable* )xmalloc(sizeof(NameTable));
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(t);
+      t->e     = NULL;
+      t->alloc = 0;
+      t->num   = 0;
+
+      t->e = (NameEntry* )xmalloc(sizeof(NameEntry) * alloc);
+      if (IS_NULL(t->e)) {
+	xfree(t);
+	return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+      }
+      t->alloc = alloc;
+      reg->name_table = t;
+      goto clear;
+    }
+    else if (t->num == t->alloc) {
+      int i;
+
+      alloc = t->alloc * 2;
+      t->e = (NameEntry* )xrealloc(t->e, sizeof(NameEntry) * alloc);
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(t->e);
+      t->alloc = alloc;
+
+    clear:
+      for (i = t->num; i < t->alloc; i++) {
+	t->e[i].name       = NULL;
+	t->e[i].name_len   = 0;
+	t->e[i].back_num   = 0;
+	t->e[i].back_alloc = 0;
+	t->e[i].back_refs  = (int* )NULL;
+      }
+    }
+    e = &(t->e[t->num]);
+    t->num++;
+    e->name = strdup_with_null(reg->enc, name, name_end);
+    if (IS_NULL(e->name)) return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+    e->name_len = name_end - name;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if (e->back_num >= 1 &&
+      ! IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_MULTIPLEX_DEFINITION_NAME)) {
+    onig_scan_env_set_error_string(env, ONIGERR_MULTIPLEX_DEFINED_NAME,
+				    name, name_end);
+    return ONIGERR_MULTIPLEX_DEFINED_NAME;
+  }
+
+  e->back_num++;
+  if (e->back_num == 1) {
+    e->back_ref1 = backref;
+  }
+  else {
+    if (e->back_num == 2) {
+      alloc = INIT_NAME_BACKREFS_ALLOC_NUM;
+      e->back_refs = (int* )xmalloc(sizeof(int) * alloc);
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(e->back_refs);
+      e->back_alloc = alloc;
+      e->back_refs[0] = e->back_ref1;
+      e->back_refs[1] = backref;
+    }
+    else {
+      if (e->back_num > e->back_alloc) {
+	alloc = e->back_alloc * 2;
+	e->back_refs = (int* )xrealloc(e->back_refs, sizeof(int) * alloc);
+	CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(e->back_refs);
+	e->back_alloc = alloc;
+      }
+      e->back_refs[e->back_num - 1] = backref;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_name_to_group_numbers(regex_t* reg, const UChar* name,
+			   const UChar* name_end, int** nums)
+{
+  NameEntry* e = name_find(reg, name, name_end);
+
+  if (IS_NULL(e)) return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_NAME_REFERENCE;
+
+  switch (e->back_num) {
+  case 0:
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    *nums = &(e->back_ref1);
+    break;
+  default:
+    *nums = e->back_refs;
+    break;
+  }
+  return e->back_num;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_name_to_backref_number(regex_t* reg, const UChar* name,
+			    const UChar* name_end, OnigRegion *region)
+{
+  int i, n, *nums;
+
+  n = onig_name_to_group_numbers(reg, name, name_end, &nums);
+  if (n < 0)
+    return n;
+  else if (n == 0)
+    return ONIGERR_PARSER_BUG;
+  else if (n == 1)
+    return nums[0];
+  else {
+    if (IS_NOT_NULL(region)) {
+      for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+	if (region->beg[nums[i]] != ONIG_REGION_NOTPOS)
+	  return nums[i];
+      }
+    }
+    return nums[n - 1];
+  }
+}
+
+#else /* USE_NAMED_GROUP */
+
+extern int
+onig_name_to_group_numbers(regex_t* reg, const UChar* name,
+			   const UChar* name_end, int** nums)
+{
+  return ONIG_NO_SUPPORT_CONFIG;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_name_to_backref_number(regex_t* reg, const UChar* name,
+			    const UChar* name_end, OnigRegion* region)
+{
+  return ONIG_NO_SUPPORT_CONFIG;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_foreach_name(regex_t* reg,
+  int (*func)(const UChar*, const UChar*,int,int*,regex_t*,void*), void* arg)
+{
+  return ONIG_NO_SUPPORT_CONFIG;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_number_of_names(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* else USE_NAMED_GROUP */
+
+extern int
+onig_noname_group_capture_is_active(regex_t* reg)
+{
+  if (ONIG_IS_OPTION_ON(reg->options, ONIG_OPTION_DONT_CAPTURE_GROUP))
+    return 0;
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+  if (onig_number_of_names(reg) > 0 &&
+      IS_SYNTAX_BV(reg->syntax, ONIG_SYN_CAPTURE_ONLY_NAMED_GROUP) &&
+      !ONIG_IS_OPTION_ON(reg->options, ONIG_OPTION_CAPTURE_GROUP)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+#define INIT_SCANENV_MEMNODES_ALLOC_SIZE   16
+
+static void
+scan_env_clear(ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  BIT_STATUS_CLEAR(env->capture_history);
+  BIT_STATUS_CLEAR(env->bt_mem_start);
+  BIT_STATUS_CLEAR(env->bt_mem_end);
+  BIT_STATUS_CLEAR(env->backrefed_mem);
+  env->error      = (UChar* )NULL;
+  env->error_end  = (UChar* )NULL;
+  env->num_call   = 0;
+  env->num_mem    = 0;
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+  env->num_named  = 0;
+#endif
+  env->mem_alloc         = 0;
+  env->mem_nodes_dynamic = (Node** )NULL;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < SCANENV_MEMNODES_SIZE; i++)
+    env->mem_nodes_static[i] = NULL_NODE;
+
+#ifdef USE_COMBINATION_EXPLOSION_CHECK
+  env->num_comb_exp_check  = 0;
+  env->comb_exp_max_regnum = 0;
+  env->curr_max_regnum     = 0;
+  env->has_recursion       = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+scan_env_add_mem_entry(ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int i, need, alloc;
+  Node** p;
+
+  need = env->num_mem + 1;
+  if (need >= SCANENV_MEMNODES_SIZE) {
+    if (env->mem_alloc <= need) {
+      if (IS_NULL(env->mem_nodes_dynamic)) {
+	alloc = INIT_SCANENV_MEMNODES_ALLOC_SIZE;
+	p = (Node** )xmalloc(sizeof(Node*) * alloc);
+	xmemcpy(p, env->mem_nodes_static,
+		sizeof(Node*) * SCANENV_MEMNODES_SIZE);
+      }
+      else {
+	alloc = env->mem_alloc * 2;
+	p = (Node** )xrealloc(env->mem_nodes_dynamic, sizeof(Node*) * alloc);
+      }
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(p);
+
+      for (i = env->num_mem + 1; i < alloc; i++)
+	p[i] = NULL_NODE;
+
+      env->mem_nodes_dynamic = p;
+      env->mem_alloc = alloc;
+    }
+  }
+
+  env->num_mem++;
+  return env->num_mem;
+}
+
+static int
+scan_env_set_mem_node(ScanEnv* env, int num, Node* node)
+{
+  if (env->num_mem >= num)
+    SCANENV_MEM_NODES(env)[num] = node;
+  else
+    return ONIGERR_PARSER_BUG;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef USE_PARSE_TREE_NODE_RECYCLE
+typedef struct _FreeNode {
+  struct _FreeNode* next;
+} FreeNode;
+
+static FreeNode* FreeNodeList = (FreeNode* )NULL;
+#endif
+
+extern void
+onig_node_free(Node* node)
+{
+ start:
+  if (IS_NULL(node)) return ;
+
+  switch (NTYPE(node)) {
+  case NT_STR:
+    if (NSTR(node)->capa != 0 &&
+	IS_NOT_NULL(NSTR(node)->s) && NSTR(node)->s != NSTR(node)->buf) {
+      xfree(NSTR(node)->s);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NT_LIST:
+  case NT_ALT:
+    onig_node_free(NCAR(node));
+    {
+      Node* next_node = NCDR(node);
+
+#ifdef USE_PARSE_TREE_NODE_RECYCLE
+      {
+	FreeNode* n = (FreeNode* )node;
+
+        THREAD_ATOMIC_START;
+	n->next = FreeNodeList;
+	FreeNodeList = n;
+        THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+      }
+#else
+      xfree(node);
+#endif
+      node = next_node;
+      goto start;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NT_CCLASS:
+    {
+      CClassNode* cc = NCCLASS(node);
+
+      if (IS_NCCLASS_SHARE(cc)) return ;
+      if (cc->mbuf)
+        bbuf_free(cc->mbuf);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NT_QTFR:
+    if (NQTFR(node)->target)
+      onig_node_free(NQTFR(node)->target);
+    break;
+
+  case NT_ENCLOSE:
+    if (NENCLOSE(node)->target)
+      onig_node_free(NENCLOSE(node)->target);
+    break;
+
+  case NT_BREF:
+    if (IS_NOT_NULL(NBREF(node)->back_dynamic))
+      xfree(NBREF(node)->back_dynamic);
+    break;
+
+  case NT_ANCHOR:
+    if (NANCHOR(node)->target)
+      onig_node_free(NANCHOR(node)->target);
+    break;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_PARSE_TREE_NODE_RECYCLE
+  {
+    FreeNode* n = (FreeNode* )node;
+
+    THREAD_ATOMIC_START;
+    n->next = FreeNodeList;
+    FreeNodeList = n;
+    THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+  }
+#else
+  xfree(node);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_PARSE_TREE_NODE_RECYCLE
+extern int
+onig_free_node_list(void)
+{
+  FreeNode* n;
+
+  /* THREAD_ATOMIC_START; */
+  while (IS_NOT_NULL(FreeNodeList)) {
+    n = FreeNodeList;
+    FreeNodeList = FreeNodeList->next;
+    xfree(n);
+  }
+  /* THREAD_ATOMIC_END; */
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static Node*
+node_new(void)
+{
+  Node* node;
+
+#ifdef USE_PARSE_TREE_NODE_RECYCLE
+  THREAD_ATOMIC_START;
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(FreeNodeList)) {
+    node = (Node* )FreeNodeList;
+    FreeNodeList = FreeNodeList->next;
+    THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+    return node;
+  }
+  THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+#endif
+
+  node = (Node* )xmalloc(sizeof(Node));
+  /* xmemset(node, 0, sizeof(Node)); */
+  return node;
+}
+
+
+static void
+initialize_cclass(CClassNode* cc)
+{
+  BITSET_CLEAR(cc->bs);
+  /* cc->base.flags = 0; */
+  cc->flags = 0;
+  cc->mbuf  = NULL;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_cclass(void)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_CCLASS);
+  initialize_cclass(NCCLASS(node));
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_cclass_by_codepoint_range(int not, OnigCodePoint sb_out,
+				   const OnigCodePoint ranges[])
+{
+  int n, i;
+  CClassNode* cc;
+  OnigCodePoint j;
+
+  Node* node = node_new_cclass();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  cc = NCCLASS(node);
+  if (not != 0) NCCLASS_SET_NOT(cc);
+
+  BITSET_CLEAR(cc->bs);
+  if (sb_out > 0 && IS_NOT_NULL(ranges)) {
+    n = ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_NUM(ranges);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      for (j  = ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_FROM(ranges, i);
+           j <= (OnigCodePoint )ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_TO(ranges, i); j++) {
+	if (j >= sb_out) goto sb_end;
+
+        BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, j);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ sb_end:
+  if (IS_NULL(ranges)) {
+  is_null:
+    cc->mbuf = NULL;
+  }
+  else {
+    BBuf* bbuf;
+
+    n = ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_NUM(ranges);
+    if (n == 0) goto is_null;
+
+    bbuf = (BBuf* )xmalloc(sizeof(BBuf));
+    CHECK_NULL_RETURN(bbuf);
+    bbuf->alloc = n + 1;
+    bbuf->used  = n + 1;
+    bbuf->p     = (UChar* )((void* )ranges);
+
+    cc->mbuf = bbuf;
+  }
+
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_ctype(int type, int not)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_CTYPE);
+  NCTYPE(node)->ctype = type;
+  NCTYPE(node)->not   = not;
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_anychar(void)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_CANY);
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_list(Node* left, Node* right)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_LIST);
+  NCAR(node)  = left;
+  NCDR(node) = right;
+  return node;
+}
+
+extern Node*
+onig_node_new_list(Node* left, Node* right)
+{
+  return node_new_list(left, right);
+}
+
+extern Node*
+onig_node_list_add(Node* list, Node* x)
+{
+  Node *n;
+
+  n = onig_node_new_list(x, NULL);
+  if (IS_NULL(n)) return NULL_NODE;
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(list)) {
+    while (IS_NOT_NULL(NCDR(list)))
+      list = NCDR(list);
+
+    NCDR(list) = n;
+  }
+
+  return n;
+}
+
+extern Node*
+onig_node_new_alt(Node* left, Node* right)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_ALT);
+  NCAR(node)  = left;
+  NCDR(node) = right;
+  return node;
+}
+
+extern Node*
+onig_node_new_anchor(int type)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_ANCHOR);
+  NANCHOR(node)->type     = type;
+  NANCHOR(node)->target   = NULL;
+  NANCHOR(node)->char_len = -1;
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_backref(int back_num, int* backrefs, int by_name,
+#ifdef USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL
+		 int exist_level, int nest_level,
+#endif
+		 ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int i;
+  Node* node = node_new();
+
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_BREF);
+  NBREF(node)->state    = 0;
+  NBREF(node)->back_num = back_num;
+  NBREF(node)->back_dynamic = (int* )NULL;
+  if (by_name != 0)
+    NBREF(node)->state |= NST_NAME_REF;
+
+#ifdef USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL
+  if (exist_level != 0) {
+    NBREF(node)->state |= NST_NEST_LEVEL;
+    NBREF(node)->nest_level  = nest_level;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  for (i = 0; i < back_num; i++) {
+    if (backrefs[i] <= env->num_mem &&
+	IS_NULL(SCANENV_MEM_NODES(env)[backrefs[i]])) {
+      NBREF(node)->state |= NST_RECURSION;   /* /...(\1).../ */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (back_num <= NODE_BACKREFS_SIZE) {
+    for (i = 0; i < back_num; i++)
+      NBREF(node)->back_static[i] = backrefs[i];
+  }
+  else {
+    int* p = (int* )xmalloc(sizeof(int) * back_num);
+    if (IS_NULL(p)) {
+      onig_node_free(node);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    NBREF(node)->back_dynamic = p;
+    for (i = 0; i < back_num; i++)
+      p[i] = backrefs[i];
+  }
+  return node;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_SUBEXP_CALL
+static Node*
+node_new_call(UChar* name, UChar* name_end, int gnum)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_CALL);
+  NCALL(node)->state     = 0;
+  NCALL(node)->target    = NULL_NODE;
+  NCALL(node)->name      = name;
+  NCALL(node)->name_end  = name_end;
+  NCALL(node)->group_num = gnum;  /* call by number if gnum != 0 */
+  return node;
+}
+#endif
+
+static Node*
+node_new_quantifier(int lower, int upper, int by_number)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_QTFR);
+  NQTFR(node)->state  = 0;
+  NQTFR(node)->target = NULL;
+  NQTFR(node)->lower  = lower;
+  NQTFR(node)->upper  = upper;
+  NQTFR(node)->greedy = 1;
+  NQTFR(node)->target_empty_info = NQ_TARGET_ISNOT_EMPTY;
+  NQTFR(node)->head_exact        = NULL_NODE;
+  NQTFR(node)->next_head_exact   = NULL_NODE;
+  NQTFR(node)->is_refered        = 0;
+  if (by_number != 0)
+    NQTFR(node)->state |= NST_BY_NUMBER;
+
+#ifdef USE_COMBINATION_EXPLOSION_CHECK
+  NQTFR(node)->comb_exp_check_num = 0;
+#endif
+
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_enclose(int type)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_ENCLOSE);
+  NENCLOSE(node)->type      = type;
+  NENCLOSE(node)->state     =  0;
+  NENCLOSE(node)->regnum    =  0;
+  NENCLOSE(node)->option    =  0;
+  NENCLOSE(node)->target    = NULL;
+  NENCLOSE(node)->call_addr = -1;
+  NENCLOSE(node)->opt_count =  0;
+  return node;
+}
+
+extern Node*
+onig_node_new_enclose(int type)
+{
+  return node_new_enclose(type);
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_enclose_memory(OnigOptionType option, int is_named)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new_enclose(ENCLOSE_MEMORY);
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+  if (is_named != 0)
+    SET_ENCLOSE_STATUS(node, NST_NAMED_GROUP);
+
+#ifdef USE_SUBEXP_CALL
+  NENCLOSE(node)->option = option;
+#endif
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_option(OnigOptionType option)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new_enclose(ENCLOSE_OPTION);
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+  NENCLOSE(node)->option = option;
+  return node;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_node_str_cat(Node* node, const UChar* s, const UChar* end)
+{
+  int addlen = end - s;
+
+  if (addlen > 0) {
+    int len  = NSTR(node)->end - NSTR(node)->s;
+
+    if (NSTR(node)->capa > 0 || (len + addlen > NODE_STR_BUF_SIZE - 1)) {
+      UChar* p;
+      int capa = len + addlen + NODE_STR_MARGIN;
+
+      if (capa <= NSTR(node)->capa) {
+	onig_strcpy(NSTR(node)->s + len, s, end);
+      }
+      else {
+	if (NSTR(node)->s == NSTR(node)->buf)
+	  p = strcat_capa_from_static(NSTR(node)->s, NSTR(node)->end,
+				      s, end, capa);
+	else
+	  p = strcat_capa(NSTR(node)->s, NSTR(node)->end, s, end, capa);
+
+	CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(p);
+	NSTR(node)->s    = p;
+	NSTR(node)->capa = capa;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      onig_strcpy(NSTR(node)->s + len, s, end);
+    }
+    NSTR(node)->end = NSTR(node)->s + len + addlen;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_node_str_set(Node* node, const UChar* s, const UChar* end)
+{
+  onig_node_str_clear(node);
+  return onig_node_str_cat(node, s, end);
+}
+
+static int
+node_str_cat_char(Node* node, UChar c)
+{
+  UChar s[1];
+
+  s[0] = c;
+  return onig_node_str_cat(node, s, s + 1);
+}
+
+extern void
+onig_node_conv_to_str_node(Node* node, int flag)
+{
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_STR);
+  NSTR(node)->flag = flag;
+  NSTR(node)->capa = 0;
+  NSTR(node)->s    = NSTR(node)->buf;
+  NSTR(node)->end  = NSTR(node)->buf;
+}
+
+extern void
+onig_node_str_clear(Node* node)
+{
+  if (NSTR(node)->capa != 0 &&
+      IS_NOT_NULL(NSTR(node)->s) && NSTR(node)->s != NSTR(node)->buf) {
+    xfree(NSTR(node)->s);
+  }
+
+  NSTR(node)->capa = 0;
+  NSTR(node)->flag = 0;
+  NSTR(node)->s    = NSTR(node)->buf;
+  NSTR(node)->end  = NSTR(node)->buf;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_str(const UChar* s, const UChar* end)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN(node);
+
+  SET_NTYPE(node, NT_STR);
+  NSTR(node)->capa = 0;
+  NSTR(node)->flag = 0;
+  NSTR(node)->s    = NSTR(node)->buf;
+  NSTR(node)->end  = NSTR(node)->buf;
+  if (onig_node_str_cat(node, s, end)) {
+    onig_node_free(node);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return node;
+}
+
+extern Node*
+onig_node_new_str(const UChar* s, const UChar* end)
+{
+  return node_new_str(s, end);
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_str_raw(UChar* s, UChar* end)
+{
+  Node* node = node_new_str(s, end);
+  NSTRING_SET_RAW(node);
+  return node;
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_empty(void)
+{
+  return node_new_str(NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static Node*
+node_new_str_raw_char(UChar c)
+{
+  UChar p[1];
+
+  p[0] = c;
+  return node_new_str_raw(p, p + 1);
+}
+
+static Node*
+str_node_split_last_char(StrNode* sn, OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  const UChar *p;
+  Node* n = NULL_NODE;
+
+  if (sn->end > sn->s) {
+    p = onigenc_get_prev_char_head(enc, sn->s, sn->end);
+    if (p && p > sn->s) { /* can be splitted. */
+      n = node_new_str(p, sn->end);
+      if ((sn->flag & NSTR_RAW) != 0)
+	NSTRING_SET_RAW(n);
+      sn->end = (UChar* )p;
+    }
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+static int
+str_node_can_be_split(StrNode* sn, OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  if (sn->end > sn->s) {
+    return ((enclen(enc, sn->s) < sn->end - sn->s)  ?  1 : 0);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_PAD_TO_SHORT_BYTE_CHAR
+static int
+node_str_head_pad(StrNode* sn, int num, UChar val)
+{
+  UChar buf[NODE_STR_BUF_SIZE];
+  int i, len;
+
+  len = sn->end - sn->s;
+  onig_strcpy(buf, sn->s, sn->end);
+  onig_strcpy(&(sn->s[num]), buf, buf + len);
+  sn->end += num;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+    sn->s[i] = val;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+extern int
+onig_scan_unsigned_number(UChar** src, const UChar* end, OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  unsigned int num, val;
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  UChar* p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  num = 0;
+  while (!PEND) {
+    PFETCH(c);
+    if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c)) {
+      val = (unsigned int )DIGITVAL(c);
+      if ((INT_MAX_LIMIT - val) / 10UL < num)
+	return -1;  /* overflow */
+
+      num = num * 10 + val;
+    }
+    else {
+      PUNFETCH;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  *src = p;
+  return num;
+}
+
+static int
+scan_unsigned_hexadecimal_number(UChar** src, UChar* end, int maxlen,
+				 OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  unsigned int num, val;
+  UChar* p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  num = 0;
+  while (!PEND && maxlen-- != 0) {
+    PFETCH(c);
+    if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_XDIGIT(enc, c)) {
+      val = (unsigned int )XDIGITVAL(enc,c);
+      if ((INT_MAX_LIMIT - val) / 16UL < num)
+	return -1;  /* overflow */
+
+      num = (num << 4) + XDIGITVAL(enc,c);
+    }
+    else {
+      PUNFETCH;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  *src = p;
+  return num;
+}
+
+static int
+scan_unsigned_octal_number(UChar** src, UChar* end, int maxlen,
+			   OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  unsigned int num, val;
+  UChar* p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  num = 0;
+  while (!PEND && maxlen-- != 0) {
+    PFETCH(c);
+    if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c) && c < '8') {
+      val = ODIGITVAL(c);
+      if ((INT_MAX_LIMIT - val) / 8UL < num)
+	return -1;  /* overflow */
+
+      num = (num << 3) + val;
+    }
+    else {
+      PUNFETCH;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  *src = p;
+  return num;
+}
+
+
+#define BBUF_WRITE_CODE_POINT(bbuf,pos,code) \
+    BBUF_WRITE(bbuf, pos, &(code), SIZE_CODE_POINT)
+
+/* data format:
+     [n][from-1][to-1][from-2][to-2] ... [from-n][to-n]
+     (all data size is OnigCodePoint)
+ */
+static int
+new_code_range(BBuf** pbuf)
+{
+#define INIT_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE_SIZE  (SIZE_CODE_POINT * 5)
+  int r;
+  OnigCodePoint n;
+  BBuf* bbuf;
+
+  bbuf = *pbuf = (BBuf* )xmalloc(sizeof(BBuf));
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*pbuf);
+  r = BBUF_INIT(*pbuf, INIT_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE_SIZE);
+  if (r) return r;
+
+  n = 0;
+  BBUF_WRITE_CODE_POINT(bbuf, 0, n);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+add_code_range_to_buf(BBuf** pbuf, OnigCodePoint from, OnigCodePoint to)
+{
+  int r, inc_n, pos;
+  int low, high, bound, x;
+  OnigCodePoint n, *data;
+  BBuf* bbuf;
+
+  if (from > to) {
+    n = from; from = to; to = n;
+  }
+
+  if (IS_NULL(*pbuf)) {
+    r = new_code_range(pbuf);
+    if (r) return r;
+    bbuf = *pbuf;
+    n = 0;
+  }
+  else {
+    bbuf = *pbuf;
+    GET_CODE_POINT(n, bbuf->p);
+  }
+  data = (OnigCodePoint* )(bbuf->p);
+  data++;
+
+  for (low = 0, bound = n; low < bound; ) {
+    x = (low + bound) >> 1;
+    if (from > data[x*2 + 1])
+      low = x + 1;
+    else
+      bound = x;
+  }
+
+  for (high = low, bound = n; high < bound; ) {
+    x = (high + bound) >> 1;
+    if (to >= data[x*2] - 1)
+      high = x + 1;
+    else
+      bound = x;
+  }
+
+  inc_n = low + 1 - high;
+  if (n + inc_n > ONIG_MAX_MULTI_BYTE_RANGES_NUM)
+    return ONIGERR_TOO_MANY_MULTI_BYTE_RANGES;
+
+  if (inc_n != 1) {
+    if (from > data[low*2])
+      from = data[low*2];
+    if (to < data[(high - 1)*2 + 1])
+      to = data[(high - 1)*2 + 1];
+  }
+
+  if (inc_n != 0 && (OnigCodePoint )high < n) {
+    int from_pos = SIZE_CODE_POINT * (1 + high * 2);
+    int to_pos   = SIZE_CODE_POINT * (1 + (low + 1) * 2);
+    int size = (n - high) * 2 * SIZE_CODE_POINT;
+
+    if (inc_n > 0) {
+      BBUF_MOVE_RIGHT(bbuf, from_pos, to_pos, size);
+    }
+    else {
+      BBUF_MOVE_LEFT_REDUCE(bbuf, from_pos, to_pos);
+    }
+  }
+
+  pos = SIZE_CODE_POINT * (1 + low * 2);
+  BBUF_ENSURE_SIZE(bbuf, pos + SIZE_CODE_POINT * 2);
+  BBUF_WRITE_CODE_POINT(bbuf, pos, from);
+  BBUF_WRITE_CODE_POINT(bbuf, pos + SIZE_CODE_POINT, to);
+  n += inc_n;
+  BBUF_WRITE_CODE_POINT(bbuf, 0, n);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+add_code_range(BBuf** pbuf, ScanEnv* env, OnigCodePoint from, OnigCodePoint to)
+{
+  if (from > to) {
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_EMPTY_RANGE_IN_CC))
+      return 0;
+    else
+      return ONIGERR_EMPTY_RANGE_IN_CHAR_CLASS;
+  }
+
+  return add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, from, to);
+}
+
+static int
+not_code_range_buf(OnigEncoding enc, BBuf* bbuf, BBuf** pbuf)
+{
+  int r, i, n;
+  OnigCodePoint pre, from, *data, to = 0;
+
+  *pbuf = (BBuf* )NULL;
+  if (IS_NULL(bbuf)) {
+  set_all:
+    return SET_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, pbuf);
+  }
+
+  data = (OnigCodePoint* )(bbuf->p);
+  GET_CODE_POINT(n, data);
+  data++;
+  if (n <= 0) goto set_all;
+
+  r = 0;
+  pre = MBCODE_START_POS(enc);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    from = data[i*2];
+    to   = data[i*2+1];
+    if (pre <= from - 1) {
+      r = add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, pre, from - 1);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+    }
+    if (to == ~((OnigCodePoint )0)) break;
+    pre = to + 1;
+  }
+  if (to < ~((OnigCodePoint )0)) {
+    r = add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, to + 1, ~((OnigCodePoint )0));
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+#define SWAP_BBUF_NOT(bbuf1, not1, bbuf2, not2) do {\
+  BBuf *tbuf; \
+  int  tnot; \
+  tnot = not1;  not1  = not2;  not2  = tnot; \
+  tbuf = bbuf1; bbuf1 = bbuf2; bbuf2 = tbuf; \
+} while (0)
+
+static int
+or_code_range_buf(OnigEncoding enc, BBuf* bbuf1, int not1,
+                  BBuf* bbuf2, int not2, BBuf** pbuf)
+{
+  int r;
+  OnigCodePoint i, n1, *data1;
+  OnigCodePoint from, to;
+
+  *pbuf = (BBuf* )NULL;
+  if (IS_NULL(bbuf1) && IS_NULL(bbuf2)) {
+    if (not1 != 0 || not2 != 0)
+      return SET_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, pbuf);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  r = 0;
+  if (IS_NULL(bbuf2))
+    SWAP_BBUF_NOT(bbuf1, not1, bbuf2, not2);
+
+  if (IS_NULL(bbuf1)) {
+    if (not1 != 0) {
+      return SET_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, pbuf);
+    }
+    else {
+      if (not2 == 0) {
+	return bbuf_clone(pbuf, bbuf2);
+      }
+      else {
+	return not_code_range_buf(enc, bbuf2, pbuf);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (not1 != 0)
+    SWAP_BBUF_NOT(bbuf1, not1, bbuf2, not2);
+
+  data1 = (OnigCodePoint* )(bbuf1->p);
+  GET_CODE_POINT(n1, data1);
+  data1++;
+
+  if (not2 == 0 && not1 == 0) { /* 1 OR 2 */
+    r = bbuf_clone(pbuf, bbuf2);
+  }
+  else if (not1 == 0) { /* 1 OR (not 2) */
+    r = not_code_range_buf(enc, bbuf2, pbuf);
+  }
+  if (r != 0) return r;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
+    from = data1[i*2];
+    to   = data1[i*2+1];
+    r = add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, from, to);
+    if (r != 0) return r;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+and_code_range1(BBuf** pbuf, OnigCodePoint from1, OnigCodePoint to1,
+	        OnigCodePoint* data, int n)
+{
+  int i, r;
+  OnigCodePoint from2, to2;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    from2 = data[i*2];
+    to2   = data[i*2+1];
+    if (from2 < from1) {
+      if (to2 < from1) continue;
+      else {
+	from1 = to2 + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    else if (from2 <= to1) {
+      if (to2 < to1) {
+	if (from1 <= from2 - 1) {
+	  r = add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, from1, from2-1);
+	  if (r != 0) return r;
+	}
+	from1 = to2 + 1;
+      }
+      else {
+	to1 = from2 - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      from1 = from2;
+    }
+    if (from1 > to1) break;
+  }
+  if (from1 <= to1) {
+    r = add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, from1, to1);
+    if (r != 0) return r;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+and_code_range_buf(BBuf* bbuf1, int not1, BBuf* bbuf2, int not2, BBuf** pbuf)
+{
+  int r;
+  OnigCodePoint i, j, n1, n2, *data1, *data2;
+  OnigCodePoint from, to, from1, to1, from2, to2;
+
+  *pbuf = (BBuf* )NULL;
+  if (IS_NULL(bbuf1)) {
+    if (not1 != 0 && IS_NOT_NULL(bbuf2)) /* not1 != 0 -> not2 == 0 */
+      return bbuf_clone(pbuf, bbuf2);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else if (IS_NULL(bbuf2)) {
+    if (not2 != 0)
+      return bbuf_clone(pbuf, bbuf1);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (not1 != 0)
+    SWAP_BBUF_NOT(bbuf1, not1, bbuf2, not2);
+
+  data1 = (OnigCodePoint* )(bbuf1->p);
+  data2 = (OnigCodePoint* )(bbuf2->p);
+  GET_CODE_POINT(n1, data1);
+  GET_CODE_POINT(n2, data2);
+  data1++;
+  data2++;
+
+  if (not2 == 0 && not1 == 0) { /* 1 AND 2 */
+    for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
+      from1 = data1[i*2];
+      to1   = data1[i*2+1];
+      for (j = 0; j < n2; j++) {
+	from2 = data2[j*2];
+	to2   = data2[j*2+1];
+	if (from2 > to1) break;
+	if (to2 < from1) continue;
+	from = MAX(from1, from2);
+	to   = MIN(to1, to2);
+	r = add_code_range_to_buf(pbuf, from, to);
+	if (r != 0) return r;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else if (not1 == 0) { /* 1 AND (not 2) */
+    for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
+      from1 = data1[i*2];
+      to1   = data1[i*2+1];
+      r = and_code_range1(pbuf, from1, to1, data2, n2);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+and_cclass(CClassNode* dest, CClassNode* cc, OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  int r, not1, not2;
+  BBuf *buf1, *buf2, *pbuf;
+  BitSetRef bsr1, bsr2;
+  BitSet bs1, bs2;
+
+  not1 = IS_NCCLASS_NOT(dest);
+  bsr1 = dest->bs;
+  buf1 = dest->mbuf;
+  not2 = IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc);
+  bsr2 = cc->bs;
+  buf2 = cc->mbuf;
+
+  if (not1 != 0) {
+    bitset_invert_to(bsr1, bs1);
+    bsr1 = bs1;
+  }
+  if (not2 != 0) {
+    bitset_invert_to(bsr2, bs2);
+    bsr2 = bs2;
+  }
+  bitset_and(bsr1, bsr2);
+  if (bsr1 != dest->bs) {
+    bitset_copy(dest->bs, bsr1);
+    bsr1 = dest->bs;
+  }
+  if (not1 != 0) {
+    bitset_invert(dest->bs);
+  }
+
+  if (! ONIGENC_IS_SINGLEBYTE(enc)) {
+    if (not1 != 0 && not2 != 0) {
+      r = or_code_range_buf(enc, buf1, 0, buf2, 0, &pbuf);
+    }
+    else {
+      r = and_code_range_buf(buf1, not1, buf2, not2, &pbuf);
+      if (r == 0 && not1 != 0) {
+	BBuf *tbuf;
+	r = not_code_range_buf(enc, pbuf, &tbuf);
+	if (r != 0) {
+	  bbuf_free(pbuf);
+	  return r;
+	}
+	bbuf_free(pbuf);
+	pbuf = tbuf;
+      }
+    }
+    if (r != 0) return r;
+
+    dest->mbuf = pbuf;
+    bbuf_free(buf1);
+    return r;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+or_cclass(CClassNode* dest, CClassNode* cc, OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  int r, not1, not2;
+  BBuf *buf1, *buf2, *pbuf;
+  BitSetRef bsr1, bsr2;
+  BitSet bs1, bs2;
+
+  not1 = IS_NCCLASS_NOT(dest);
+  bsr1 = dest->bs;
+  buf1 = dest->mbuf;
+  not2 = IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc);
+  bsr2 = cc->bs;
+  buf2 = cc->mbuf;
+
+  if (not1 != 0) {
+    bitset_invert_to(bsr1, bs1);
+    bsr1 = bs1;
+  }
+  if (not2 != 0) {
+    bitset_invert_to(bsr2, bs2);
+    bsr2 = bs2;
+  }
+  bitset_or(bsr1, bsr2);
+  if (bsr1 != dest->bs) {
+    bitset_copy(dest->bs, bsr1);
+    bsr1 = dest->bs;
+  }
+  if (not1 != 0) {
+    bitset_invert(dest->bs);
+  }
+
+  if (! ONIGENC_IS_SINGLEBYTE(enc)) {
+    if (not1 != 0 && not2 != 0) {
+      r = and_code_range_buf(buf1, 0, buf2, 0, &pbuf);
+    }
+    else {
+      r = or_code_range_buf(enc, buf1, not1, buf2, not2, &pbuf);
+      if (r == 0 && not1 != 0) {
+	BBuf *tbuf;
+	r = not_code_range_buf(enc, pbuf, &tbuf);
+	if (r != 0) {
+	  bbuf_free(pbuf);
+	  return r;
+	}
+	bbuf_free(pbuf);
+	pbuf = tbuf;
+      }
+    }
+    if (r != 0) return r;
+
+    dest->mbuf = pbuf;
+    bbuf_free(buf1);
+    return r;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+conv_backslash_value(int c, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_CONTROL_CHARS)) {
+    switch (c) {
+    case 'n': return '\n';
+    case 't': return '\t';
+    case 'r': return '\r';
+    case 'f': return '\f';
+    case 'a': return '\007';
+    case 'b': return '\010';
+    case 'e': return '\033';
+    case 'v':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_V_VTAB))
+	return '\v';
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return c;
+}
+
+static int
+is_invalid_quantifier_target(Node* node)
+{
+  switch (NTYPE(node)) {
+  case NT_ANCHOR:
+    return 1;
+    break;
+
+  case NT_ENCLOSE:
+    /* allow enclosed elements */
+    /* return is_invalid_quantifier_target(NENCLOSE(node)->target); */
+    break;
+
+  case NT_LIST:
+    do {
+      if (! is_invalid_quantifier_target(NCAR(node))) return 0;
+    } while (IS_NOT_NULL(node = NCDR(node)));
+    return 0;
+    break;
+
+  case NT_ALT:
+    do {
+      if (is_invalid_quantifier_target(NCAR(node))) return 1;
+    } while (IS_NOT_NULL(node = NCDR(node)));
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* ?:0, *:1, +:2, ??:3, *?:4, +?:5 */
+static int
+popular_quantifier_num(QtfrNode* q)
+{
+  if (q->greedy) {
+    if (q->lower == 0) {
+      if (q->upper == 1) return 0;
+      else if (IS_REPEAT_INFINITE(q->upper)) return 1;
+    }
+    else if (q->lower == 1) {
+      if (IS_REPEAT_INFINITE(q->upper)) return 2;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    if (q->lower == 0) {
+      if (q->upper == 1) return 3;
+      else if (IS_REPEAT_INFINITE(q->upper)) return 4;
+    }
+    else if (q->lower == 1) {
+      if (IS_REPEAT_INFINITE(q->upper)) return 5;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+
+enum ReduceType {
+  RQ_ASIS = 0, /* as is */
+  RQ_DEL  = 1, /* delete parent */
+  RQ_A,        /* to '*'    */
+  RQ_AQ,       /* to '*?'   */
+  RQ_QQ,       /* to '??'   */
+  RQ_P_QQ,     /* to '+)??' */
+  RQ_PQ_Q      /* to '+?)?' */
+};
+
+static enum ReduceType ReduceTypeTable[6][6] = {
+  {RQ_DEL,  RQ_A,    RQ_A,   RQ_QQ,   RQ_AQ,   RQ_ASIS}, /* '?'  */
+  {RQ_DEL,  RQ_DEL,  RQ_DEL, RQ_P_QQ, RQ_P_QQ, RQ_DEL},  /* '*'  */
+  {RQ_A,    RQ_A,    RQ_DEL, RQ_ASIS, RQ_P_QQ, RQ_DEL},  /* '+'  */
+  {RQ_DEL,  RQ_AQ,   RQ_AQ,  RQ_DEL,  RQ_AQ,   RQ_AQ},   /* '??' */
+  {RQ_DEL,  RQ_DEL,  RQ_DEL, RQ_DEL,  RQ_DEL,  RQ_DEL},  /* '*?' */
+  {RQ_ASIS, RQ_PQ_Q, RQ_DEL, RQ_AQ,   RQ_AQ,   RQ_DEL}   /* '+?' */
+};
+
+extern void
+onig_reduce_nested_quantifier(Node* pnode, Node* cnode)
+{
+  int pnum, cnum;
+  QtfrNode *p, *c;
+
+  p = NQTFR(pnode);
+  c = NQTFR(cnode);
+  pnum = popular_quantifier_num(p);
+  cnum = popular_quantifier_num(c);
+  if (pnum < 0 || cnum < 0) return ;
+
+  switch(ReduceTypeTable[cnum][pnum]) {
+  case RQ_DEL:
+    *pnode = *cnode;
+    break;
+  case RQ_A:
+    p->target = c->target;
+    p->lower  = 0;  p->upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;  p->greedy = 1;
+    break;
+  case RQ_AQ:
+    p->target = c->target;
+    p->lower  = 0;  p->upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;  p->greedy = 0;
+    break;
+  case RQ_QQ:
+    p->target = c->target;
+    p->lower  = 0;  p->upper = 1;  p->greedy = 0;
+    break;
+  case RQ_P_QQ:
+    p->target = cnode;
+    p->lower  = 0;  p->upper = 1;  p->greedy = 0;
+    c->lower  = 1;  c->upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;  c->greedy = 1;
+    return ;
+    break;
+  case RQ_PQ_Q:
+    p->target = cnode;
+    p->lower  = 0;  p->upper = 1;  p->greedy = 1;
+    c->lower  = 1;  c->upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;  c->greedy = 0;
+    return ;
+    break;
+  case RQ_ASIS:
+    p->target = cnode;
+    return ;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  c->target = NULL_NODE;
+  onig_node_free(cnode);
+}
+
+
+enum TokenSyms {
+  TK_EOT      = 0,   /* end of token */
+  TK_RAW_BYTE = 1,
+  TK_CHAR,
+  TK_STRING,
+  TK_CODE_POINT,
+  TK_ANYCHAR,
+  TK_CHAR_TYPE,
+  TK_BACKREF,
+  TK_CALL,
+  TK_ANCHOR,
+  TK_OP_REPEAT,
+  TK_INTERVAL,
+  TK_ANYCHAR_ANYTIME,  /* SQL '%' == .* */
+  TK_ALT,
+  TK_SUBEXP_OPEN,
+  TK_SUBEXP_CLOSE,
+  TK_CC_OPEN,
+  TK_QUOTE_OPEN,
+  TK_CHAR_PROPERTY,    /* \p{...}, \P{...} */
+  /* in cc */
+  TK_CC_CLOSE,
+  TK_CC_RANGE,
+  TK_POSIX_BRACKET_OPEN,
+  TK_CC_AND,             /* && */
+  TK_CC_CC_OPEN          /* [ */
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+  enum TokenSyms type;
+  int escaped;
+  int base;   /* is number: 8, 16 (used in [....]) */
+  UChar* backp;
+  union {
+    UChar* s;
+    int   c;
+    OnigCodePoint code;
+    int   anchor;
+    int   subtype;
+    struct {
+      int lower;
+      int upper;
+      int greedy;
+      int possessive;
+    } repeat;
+    struct {
+      int  num;
+      int  ref1;
+      int* refs;
+      int  by_name;
+#ifdef USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL
+      int  exist_level;
+      int  level;   /* \k<name+n> */
+#endif
+    } backref;
+    struct {
+      UChar* name;
+      UChar* name_end;
+      int    gnum;
+    } call;
+    struct {
+      int ctype;
+      int not;
+    } prop;
+  } u;
+} OnigToken;
+
+
+static int
+fetch_range_quantifier(UChar** src, UChar* end, OnigToken* tok, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int low, up, syn_allow, non_low = 0;
+  int r = 0;
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar* p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  syn_allow = IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_INVALID_INTERVAL);
+
+  if (PEND) {
+    if (syn_allow)
+      return 1;  /* "....{" : OK! */
+    else
+      return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_LEFT_BRACE;  /* "....{" syntax error */
+  }
+
+  if (! syn_allow) {
+    c = PPEEK;
+    if (c == ')' || c == '(' || c == '|') {
+      return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_LEFT_BRACE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  low = onig_scan_unsigned_number(&p, end, env->enc);
+  if (low < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER_FOR_REPEAT_RANGE;
+  if (low > ONIG_MAX_REPEAT_NUM)
+    return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER_FOR_REPEAT_RANGE;
+
+  if (p == *src) { /* can't read low */
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_INTERVAL_LOW_ABBREV)) {
+      /* allow {,n} as {0,n} */
+      low = 0;
+      non_low = 1;
+    }
+    else
+      goto invalid;
+  }
+
+  if (PEND) goto invalid;
+  PFETCH(c);
+  if (c == ',') {
+    UChar* prev = p;
+    up = onig_scan_unsigned_number(&p, end, env->enc);
+    if (up < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER_FOR_REPEAT_RANGE;
+    if (up > ONIG_MAX_REPEAT_NUM)
+      return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER_FOR_REPEAT_RANGE;
+
+    if (p == prev) {
+      if (non_low != 0)
+	goto invalid;
+      up = REPEAT_INFINITE;  /* {n,} : {n,infinite} */
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    if (non_low != 0)
+      goto invalid;
+
+    PUNFETCH;
+    up = low;  /* {n} : exact n times */
+    r = 2;     /* fixed */
+  }
+
+  if (PEND) goto invalid;
+  PFETCH(c);
+  if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_BRACE_INTERVAL)) {
+    if (c != MC_ESC(env->syntax)) goto invalid;
+    PFETCH(c);
+  }
+  if (c != '}') goto invalid;
+
+  if (!IS_REPEAT_INFINITE(up) && low > up) {
+    return ONIGERR_UPPER_SMALLER_THAN_LOWER_IN_REPEAT_RANGE;
+  }
+
+  tok->type = TK_INTERVAL;
+  tok->u.repeat.lower = low;
+  tok->u.repeat.upper = up;
+  *src = p;
+  return r; /* 0: normal {n,m}, 2: fixed {n} */
+
+ invalid:
+  if (syn_allow)
+    return 1;  /* OK */
+  else
+    return ONIGERR_INVALID_REPEAT_RANGE_PATTERN;
+}
+
+/* \M-, \C-, \c, or \... */
+static int
+fetch_escaped_value(UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int v;
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar* p = *src;
+
+  if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_ESCAPE;
+
+  PFETCH_S(c);
+  switch (c) {
+  case 'M':
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_CAPITAL_M_BAR_META)) {
+      if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_META;
+      PFETCH_S(c);
+      if (c != '-') return ONIGERR_META_CODE_SYNTAX;
+      if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_META;
+      PFETCH_S(c);
+      if (c == MC_ESC(env->syntax)) {
+        v = fetch_escaped_value(&p, end, env);
+        if (v < 0) return v;
+        c = (OnigCodePoint )v;
+      }
+      c = ((c & 0xff) | 0x80);
+    }
+    else
+      goto backslash;
+    break;
+
+  case 'C':
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_CAPITAL_C_BAR_CONTROL)) {
+      if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_CONTROL;
+      PFETCH_S(c);
+      if (c != '-') return ONIGERR_CONTROL_CODE_SYNTAX;
+      goto control;
+    }
+    else
+      goto backslash;
+
+  case 'c':
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_C_CONTROL)) {
+    control:
+      if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_CONTROL;
+      PFETCH_S(c);
+      if (c == '?') {
+        c = 0177;
+      }
+      else {
+        if (c == MC_ESC(env->syntax)) {
+          v = fetch_escaped_value(&p, end, env);
+          if (v < 0) return v;
+          c = (OnigCodePoint )v;
+        }
+        c &= 0x9f;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    /* fall through */
+
+  default:
+    {
+    backslash:
+      c = conv_backslash_value(c, env);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  *src = p;
+  return c;
+}
+
+static int fetch_token(OnigToken* tok, UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env);
+
+static OnigCodePoint
+get_name_end_code_point(OnigCodePoint start)
+{
+  switch (start) {
+  case '<':  return (OnigCodePoint )'>'; break;
+  case '\'': return (OnigCodePoint )'\''; break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  return (OnigCodePoint )0;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+#ifdef USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL
+/*
+   \k<name+n>, \k<name-n>
+   \k<num+n>,  \k<num-n>
+   \k<-num+n>, \k<-num-n>
+*/
+static int
+fetch_name_with_level(OnigCodePoint start_code, UChar** src, UChar* end,
+		      UChar** rname_end, ScanEnv* env,
+		      int* rback_num, int* rlevel)
+{
+  int r, sign, is_num, exist_level;
+  OnigCodePoint end_code;
+  OnigCodePoint c = 0;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar *name_end;
+  UChar *pnum_head;
+  UChar *p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  *rback_num = 0;
+  is_num = exist_level = 0;
+  sign = 1;
+  pnum_head = *src;
+
+  end_code = get_name_end_code_point(start_code);
+
+  name_end = end;
+  r = 0;
+  if (PEND) {
+    return ONIGERR_EMPTY_GROUP_NAME;
+  }
+  else {
+    PFETCH(c);
+    if (c == end_code)
+      return ONIGERR_EMPTY_GROUP_NAME;
+
+    if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c)) {
+      is_num = 1;
+    }
+    else if (c == '-') {
+      is_num = 2;
+      sign = -1;
+      pnum_head = p;
+    }
+    else if (!ONIGENC_IS_CODE_WORD(enc, c)) {
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_IN_GROUP_NAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (!PEND) {
+    name_end = p;
+    PFETCH(c);
+    if (c == end_code || c == ')' || c == '+' || c == '-') {
+      if (is_num == 2) 	r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (is_num != 0) {
+      if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c)) {
+        is_num = 1;
+      }
+      else {
+        r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+        is_num = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    else if (!ONIGENC_IS_CODE_WORD(enc, c)) {
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_IN_GROUP_NAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (r == 0 && c != end_code) {
+    if (c == '+' || c == '-') {
+      int level;
+      int flag = (c == '-' ? -1 : 1);
+
+      PFETCH(c);
+      if (! ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c)) goto err;
+      PUNFETCH;
+      level = onig_scan_unsigned_number(&p, end, enc);
+      if (level < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+      *rlevel = (level * flag);
+      exist_level = 1;
+
+      PFETCH(c);
+      if (c == end_code)
+	goto end;
+    }
+
+  err:
+    r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+    name_end = end;
+  }
+
+ end:
+  if (r == 0) {
+    if (is_num != 0) {
+      *rback_num = onig_scan_unsigned_number(&pnum_head, name_end, enc);
+      if (*rback_num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+      else if (*rback_num == 0) goto err;
+
+      *rback_num *= sign;
+    }
+
+    *rname_end = name_end;
+    *src = p;
+    return (exist_level ? 1 : 0);
+  }
+  else {
+    onig_scan_env_set_error_string(env, r, *src, name_end);
+    return r;
+  }
+}
+#endif /* USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL */
+
+/*
+  def: 0 -> define name    (don't allow number name)
+       1 -> reference name (allow number name)
+*/
+static int
+fetch_name(OnigCodePoint start_code, UChar** src, UChar* end,
+	   UChar** rname_end, ScanEnv* env, int* rback_num, int ref)
+{
+  int r, is_num, sign;
+  OnigCodePoint end_code;
+  OnigCodePoint c = 0;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar *name_end;
+  UChar *pnum_head;
+  UChar *p = *src;
+
+  *rback_num = 0;
+
+  end_code = get_name_end_code_point(start_code);
+
+  name_end = end;
+  pnum_head = *src;
+  r = 0;
+  is_num = 0;
+  sign = 1;
+  if (PEND) {
+    return ONIGERR_EMPTY_GROUP_NAME;
+  }
+  else {
+    PFETCH_S(c);
+    if (c == end_code)
+      return ONIGERR_EMPTY_GROUP_NAME;
+
+    if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c)) {
+      if (ref == 1)
+        is_num = 1;
+      else {
+        r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+        is_num = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    else if (c == '-') {
+      if (ref == 1) {
+        is_num = 2;
+        sign = -1;
+        pnum_head = p;
+      }
+      else {
+        r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+        is_num = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    else if (!ONIGENC_IS_CODE_WORD(enc, c)) {
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_IN_GROUP_NAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (r == 0) {
+    while (!PEND) {
+      name_end = p;
+      PFETCH_S(c);
+      if (c == end_code || c == ')') {
+        if (is_num == 2) 	r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (is_num != 0) {
+        if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c)) {
+          is_num = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+          if (!ONIGENC_IS_CODE_WORD(enc, c))
+            r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_IN_GROUP_NAME;
+          else
+            r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+          is_num = 0;
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        if (!ONIGENC_IS_CODE_WORD(enc, c)) {
+          r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_IN_GROUP_NAME;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (c != end_code) {
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+      name_end = end;
+    }
+
+    if (is_num != 0) {
+      *rback_num = onig_scan_unsigned_number(&pnum_head, name_end, enc);
+      if (*rback_num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+      else if (*rback_num == 0) {
+        r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+        goto err;
+      }
+
+      *rback_num *= sign;
+    }
+
+    *rname_end = name_end;
+    *src = p;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else {
+    while (!PEND) {
+      name_end = p;
+      PFETCH_S(c);
+      if (c == end_code || c == ')')
+        break;
+    }
+    if (PEND)
+      name_end = end;
+
+  err:
+    onig_scan_env_set_error_string(env, r, *src, name_end);
+    return r;
+  }
+}
+#else
+static int
+fetch_name(OnigCodePoint start_code, UChar** src, UChar* end,
+	   UChar** rname_end, ScanEnv* env, int* rback_num, int ref)
+{
+  int r, is_num, sign;
+  OnigCodePoint end_code;
+  OnigCodePoint c = 0;
+  UChar *name_end;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar *pnum_head;
+  UChar *p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  *rback_num = 0;
+
+  end_code = get_name_end_code_point(start_code);
+
+  *rname_end = name_end = end;
+  r = 0;
+  pnum_head = *src;
+  is_num = 0;
+  sign = 1;
+
+  if (PEND) {
+    return ONIGERR_EMPTY_GROUP_NAME;
+  }
+  else {
+    PFETCH(c);
+    if (c == end_code)
+      return ONIGERR_EMPTY_GROUP_NAME;
+
+    if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c)) {
+      is_num = 1;
+    }
+    else if (c == '-') {
+      is_num = 2;
+      sign = -1;
+      pnum_head = p;
+    }
+    else {
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_IN_GROUP_NAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (!PEND) {
+    name_end = p;
+
+    PFETCH(c);
+    if (c == end_code || c == ')') break;
+    if (! ONIGENC_IS_CODE_DIGIT(enc, c))
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_IN_GROUP_NAME;
+  }
+  if (r == 0 && c != end_code) {
+    r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+    name_end = end;
+  }
+
+  if (r == 0) {
+    *rback_num = onig_scan_unsigned_number(&pnum_head, name_end, enc);
+    if (*rback_num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+    else if (*rback_num == 0) {
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_GROUP_NAME;
+      goto err;
+    }
+    *rback_num *= sign;
+
+    *rname_end = name_end;
+    *src = p;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else {
+  err:
+    onig_scan_env_set_error_string(env, r, *src, name_end);
+    return r;
+  }
+}
+#endif /* USE_NAMED_GROUP */
+
+static void
+CC_ESC_WARN(ScanEnv* env, UChar *c)
+{
+  if (onig_warn == onig_null_warn) return ;
+
+  if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_WARN_CC_OP_NOT_ESCAPED) &&
+      IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_CC)) {
+    UChar buf[WARN_BUFSIZE];
+    onig_snprintf_with_pattern(buf, WARN_BUFSIZE, env->enc,
+		env->pattern, env->pattern_end,
+                (UChar* )"character class has '%s' without escape", c);
+    (*onig_warn)((char* )buf);
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+CLOSE_BRACKET_WITHOUT_ESC_WARN(ScanEnv* env, UChar* c)
+{
+  if (onig_warn == onig_null_warn) return ;
+
+  if (IS_SYNTAX_BV((env)->syntax, ONIG_SYN_WARN_CC_OP_NOT_ESCAPED)) {
+    UChar buf[WARN_BUFSIZE];
+    onig_snprintf_with_pattern(buf, WARN_BUFSIZE, (env)->enc,
+		(env)->pattern, (env)->pattern_end,
+		(UChar* )"regular expression has '%s' without escape", c);
+    (*onig_warn)((char* )buf);
+  }
+}
+
+static UChar*
+find_str_position(OnigCodePoint s[], int n, UChar* from, UChar* to,
+		  UChar **next, OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  int i;
+  OnigCodePoint x;
+  UChar *q;
+  UChar *p = from;
+  
+  while (p < to) {
+    x = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, p, to);
+    q = p + enclen(enc, p);
+    if (x == s[0]) {
+      for (i = 1; i < n && q < to; i++) {
+	x = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, q, to);
+	if (x != s[i]) break;
+	q += enclen(enc, q);
+      }
+      if (i >= n) {
+	if (IS_NOT_NULL(next))
+	  *next = q;
+	return p;
+      }
+    }
+    p = q;
+  }
+  return NULL_UCHARP;
+}
+
+static int
+str_exist_check_with_esc(OnigCodePoint s[], int n, UChar* from, UChar* to,
+		 OnigCodePoint bad, OnigEncoding enc, OnigSyntaxType* syn)
+{
+  int i, in_esc;
+  OnigCodePoint x;
+  UChar *q;
+  UChar *p = from;
+
+  in_esc = 0;
+  while (p < to) {
+    if (in_esc) {
+      in_esc = 0;
+      p += enclen(enc, p);
+    }
+    else {
+      x = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, p, to);
+      q = p + enclen(enc, p);
+      if (x == s[0]) {
+	for (i = 1; i < n && q < to; i++) {
+	  x = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, q, to);
+	  if (x != s[i]) break;
+	  q += enclen(enc, q);
+	}
+	if (i >= n) return 1;
+	p += enclen(enc, p);
+      }
+      else {
+	x = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(enc, p, to);
+	if (x == bad) return 0;
+	else if (x == MC_ESC(syn)) in_esc = 1;
+	p = q;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+fetch_token_in_cc(OnigToken* tok, UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int num;
+  OnigCodePoint c, c2;
+  OnigSyntaxType* syn = env->syntax;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar* prev;
+  UChar* p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  if (PEND) {
+    tok->type = TK_EOT;
+    return tok->type;
+  }
+
+  PFETCH(c);
+  tok->type = TK_CHAR;
+  tok->base = 0;
+  tok->u.c  = c;
+  tok->escaped = 0;
+
+  if (c == ']') {
+    tok->type = TK_CC_CLOSE;
+  }
+  else if (c == '-') {
+    tok->type = TK_CC_RANGE;
+  }
+  else if (c == MC_ESC(syn)) {
+    if (! IS_SYNTAX_BV(syn, ONIG_SYN_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_CC))
+      goto end;
+
+    if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_ESCAPE;
+
+    PFETCH(c);
+    tok->escaped = 1;
+    tok->u.c = c;
+    switch (c) {
+    case 'w':
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_WORD;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+    case 'W':
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_WORD;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+    case 'd':
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_DIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+    case 'D':
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_DIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+    case 's':
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPACE;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+    case 'S':
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPACE;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+    case 'h':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_H_XDIGIT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_XDIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+    case 'H':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_H_XDIGIT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_XDIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case 'p':
+    case 'P':
+      c2 = PPEEK;
+      if (c2 == '{' &&
+	  IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_P_BRACE_CHAR_PROPERTY)) {
+	PINC;
+	tok->type = TK_CHAR_PROPERTY;
+	tok->u.prop.not = (c == 'P' ? 1 : 0);
+
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_P_BRACE_CIRCUMFLEX_NOT)) {
+	  PFETCH(c2);
+	  if (c2 == '^') {
+	    tok->u.prop.not = (tok->u.prop.not == 0 ? 1 : 0);
+	  }
+	  else
+	    PUNFETCH;
+	}
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'x':
+      if (PEND) break;
+
+      prev = p;
+      if (PPEEK_IS('{') && IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_X_BRACE_HEX8)) {
+	PINC;
+	num = scan_unsigned_hexadecimal_number(&p, end, 8, enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_WIDE_CHAR_VALUE;
+	if (!PEND) {
+          c2 = PPEEK;
+          if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_XDIGIT(enc, c2))
+            return ONIGERR_TOO_LONG_WIDE_CHAR_VALUE;
+        }
+
+	if (p > prev + enclen(enc, prev) && !PEND && (PPEEK_IS('}'))) {
+	  PINC;
+	  tok->type   = TK_CODE_POINT;
+	  tok->base   = 16;
+	  tok->u.code = (OnigCodePoint )num;
+	}
+	else {
+	  /* can't read nothing or invalid format */
+	  p = prev;
+	}
+      }
+      else if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_X_HEX2)) {
+	num = scan_unsigned_hexadecimal_number(&p, end, 2, enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+	if (p == prev) {  /* can't read nothing. */
+	  num = 0; /* but, it's not error */
+	}
+	tok->type = TK_RAW_BYTE;
+	tok->base = 16;
+	tok->u.c  = num;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'u':
+      if (PEND) break;
+
+      prev = p;
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_U_HEX4)) {
+	num = scan_unsigned_hexadecimal_number(&p, end, 4, enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+	if (p == prev) {  /* can't read nothing. */
+	  num = 0; /* but, it's not error */
+	}
+	tok->type   = TK_CODE_POINT;
+	tok->base   = 16;
+	tok->u.code = (OnigCodePoint )num;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case '0':
+    case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_OCTAL3)) {
+	PUNFETCH;
+	prev = p;
+	num = scan_unsigned_octal_number(&p, end, 3, enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+	if (p == prev) {  /* can't read nothing. */
+	  num = 0; /* but, it's not error */
+	}
+	tok->type = TK_RAW_BYTE;
+	tok->base = 8;
+	tok->u.c  = num;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      PUNFETCH;
+      num = fetch_escaped_value(&p, end, env);
+      if (num < 0) return num;
+      if (tok->u.c != num) {
+	tok->u.code = (OnigCodePoint )num;
+	tok->type   = TK_CODE_POINT;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (c == '[') {
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_POSIX_BRACKET) && (PPEEK_IS(':'))) {
+      OnigCodePoint send[] = { (OnigCodePoint )':', (OnigCodePoint )']' };
+      tok->backp = p; /* point at '[' is readed */
+      PINC;
+      if (str_exist_check_with_esc(send, 2, p, end,
+                                   (OnigCodePoint )']', enc, syn)) {
+	tok->type = TK_POSIX_BRACKET_OPEN;
+      }
+      else {
+	PUNFETCH;
+	goto cc_in_cc;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+    cc_in_cc:
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_CCLASS_SET_OP)) {
+	tok->type = TK_CC_CC_OPEN;
+      }
+      else {
+	CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"[");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else if (c == '&') {
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_CCLASS_SET_OP) &&
+	!PEND && (PPEEK_IS('&'))) {
+      PINC;
+      tok->type = TK_CC_AND;
+    }
+  }
+
+ end:
+  *src = p;
+  return tok->type;
+}
+
+static int
+fetch_token(OnigToken* tok, UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r, num;
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  OnigSyntaxType* syn = env->syntax;
+  UChar* prev;
+  UChar* p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+ start:
+  if (PEND) {
+    tok->type = TK_EOT;
+    return tok->type;
+  }
+
+  tok->type  = TK_STRING;
+  tok->base  = 0;
+  tok->backp = p;
+
+  PFETCH(c);
+  if (IS_MC_ESC_CODE(c, syn)) {
+    if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_AT_ESCAPE;
+
+    tok->backp = p;
+    PFETCH(c);
+
+    tok->u.c = c;
+    tok->escaped = 1;
+    switch (c) {
+    case '*':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_ASTERISK_ZERO_INF)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_OP_REPEAT;
+      tok->u.repeat.lower = 0;
+      tok->u.repeat.upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;
+      goto greedy_check;
+      break;
+
+    case '+':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_PLUS_ONE_INF)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_OP_REPEAT;
+      tok->u.repeat.lower = 1;
+      tok->u.repeat.upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;
+      goto greedy_check;
+      break;
+
+    case '?':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_QMARK_ZERO_ONE)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_OP_REPEAT;
+      tok->u.repeat.lower = 0;
+      tok->u.repeat.upper = 1;
+    greedy_check:
+      if (!PEND && PPEEK_IS('?') &&
+	  IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_QMARK_NON_GREEDY)) {
+	PFETCH(c);
+	tok->u.repeat.greedy     = 0;
+	tok->u.repeat.possessive = 0;
+      }
+      else {
+      possessive_check:
+	if (!PEND && PPEEK_IS('+') &&
+	    ((IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_PLUS_POSSESSIVE_REPEAT) &&
+	      tok->type != TK_INTERVAL)  ||
+	     (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_PLUS_POSSESSIVE_INTERVAL) &&
+	      tok->type == TK_INTERVAL))) {
+	  PFETCH(c);
+	  tok->u.repeat.greedy     = 1;
+	  tok->u.repeat.possessive = 1;
+	}
+	else {
+	  tok->u.repeat.greedy     = 1;
+	  tok->u.repeat.possessive = 0;
+	}
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case '{':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_BRACE_INTERVAL)) break;
+      r = fetch_range_quantifier(&p, end, tok, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;  /* error */
+      if (r == 0) goto greedy_check;
+      else if (r == 2) { /* {n} */
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(syn, ONIG_SYN_FIXED_INTERVAL_IS_GREEDY_ONLY))
+	  goto possessive_check;
+
+	goto greedy_check;
+      }
+      /* r == 1 : normal char */
+      break;
+
+    case '|':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_VBAR_ALT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ALT;
+      break;
+
+    case '(':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_LPAREN_SUBEXP)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_SUBEXP_OPEN;
+      break;
+
+    case ')':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_LPAREN_SUBEXP)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_SUBEXP_CLOSE;
+      break;
+
+    case 'w':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_W_WORD)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_WORD;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case 'W':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_W_WORD)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_WORD;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case 'b':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_B_WORD_BOUND)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.anchor = ANCHOR_WORD_BOUND;
+      break;
+
+    case 'B':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_B_WORD_BOUND)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.anchor = ANCHOR_NOT_WORD_BOUND;
+      break;
+
+#ifdef USE_WORD_BEGIN_END
+    case '<':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_LTGT_WORD_BEGIN_END)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.anchor = ANCHOR_WORD_BEGIN;
+      break;
+
+    case '>':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_LTGT_WORD_BEGIN_END)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.anchor = ANCHOR_WORD_END;
+      break;
+#endif
+
+    case 's':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_S_WHITE_SPACE)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPACE;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case 'S':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_S_WHITE_SPACE)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPACE;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case 'd':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_D_DIGIT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_DIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case 'D':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_D_DIGIT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_DIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case 'h':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_H_XDIGIT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_XDIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case 'H':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_H_XDIGIT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CHAR_TYPE;
+      tok->u.prop.ctype = ONIGENC_CTYPE_XDIGIT;
+      tok->u.prop.not   = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case 'A':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_AZ_BUF_ANCHOR)) break;
+    begin_buf:
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.subtype = ANCHOR_BEGIN_BUF;
+      break;
+
+    case 'Z':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_AZ_BUF_ANCHOR)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.subtype = ANCHOR_SEMI_END_BUF;
+      break;
+
+    case 'z':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_AZ_BUF_ANCHOR)) break;
+    end_buf:
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.subtype = ANCHOR_END_BUF;
+      break;
+
+    case 'G':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_CAPITAL_G_BEGIN_ANCHOR)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.subtype = ANCHOR_BEGIN_POSITION;
+      break;
+
+    case '`':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_GNU_BUF_ANCHOR)) break;
+      goto begin_buf;
+      break;
+
+    case '\'':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_GNU_BUF_ANCHOR)) break;
+      goto end_buf;
+      break;
+
+    case 'x':
+      if (PEND) break;
+
+      prev = p;
+      if (PPEEK_IS('{') && IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_X_BRACE_HEX8)) {
+	PINC;
+	num = scan_unsigned_hexadecimal_number(&p, end, 8, enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_WIDE_CHAR_VALUE;
+	if (!PEND) {
+          if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_XDIGIT(enc, PPEEK))
+            return ONIGERR_TOO_LONG_WIDE_CHAR_VALUE;
+        }
+
+	if ((p > prev + enclen(enc, prev)) && !PEND && PPEEK_IS('}')) {
+	  PINC;
+	  tok->type   = TK_CODE_POINT;
+	  tok->u.code = (OnigCodePoint )num;
+	}
+	else {
+	  /* can't read nothing or invalid format */
+	  p = prev;
+	}
+      }
+      else if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_X_HEX2)) {
+	num = scan_unsigned_hexadecimal_number(&p, end, 2, enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+	if (p == prev) {  /* can't read nothing. */
+	  num = 0; /* but, it's not error */
+	}
+	tok->type = TK_RAW_BYTE;
+	tok->base = 16;
+	tok->u.c  = num;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'u':
+      if (PEND) break;
+
+      prev = p;
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_U_HEX4)) {
+	num = scan_unsigned_hexadecimal_number(&p, end, 4, enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+	if (p == prev) {  /* can't read nothing. */
+	  num = 0; /* but, it's not error */
+	}
+	tok->type   = TK_CODE_POINT;
+	tok->base   = 16;
+	tok->u.code = (OnigCodePoint )num;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+      PUNFETCH;
+      prev = p;
+      num = onig_scan_unsigned_number(&p, end, enc);
+      if (num < 0 || num > ONIG_MAX_BACKREF_NUM) {
+        goto skip_backref;
+      }
+
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_DECIMAL_BACKREF) && 
+	  (num <= env->num_mem || num <= 9)) { /* This spec. from GNU regex */
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(syn, ONIG_SYN_STRICT_CHECK_BACKREF)) {
+	  if (num > env->num_mem || IS_NULL(SCANENV_MEM_NODES(env)[num]))
+	    return ONIGERR_INVALID_BACKREF;
+	}
+
+	tok->type = TK_BACKREF;
+	tok->u.backref.num     = 1;
+	tok->u.backref.ref1    = num;
+	tok->u.backref.by_name = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL
+	tok->u.backref.exist_level = 0;
+#endif
+	break;
+      }
+
+    skip_backref:
+      if (c == '8' || c == '9') {
+	/* normal char */
+	p = prev; PINC;
+	break;
+      }
+
+      p = prev;
+      /* fall through */
+    case '0':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ESC_OCTAL3)) {
+	prev = p;
+	num = scan_unsigned_octal_number(&p, end, (c == '0' ? 2:3), enc);
+	if (num < 0) return ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_NUMBER;
+	if (p == prev) {  /* can't read nothing. */
+	  num = 0; /* but, it's not error */
+	}
+	tok->type = TK_RAW_BYTE;
+	tok->base = 8;
+	tok->u.c  = num;
+      }
+      else if (c != '0') {
+	PINC;
+      }
+      break;
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+    case 'k':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_K_NAMED_BACKREF)) {
+	PFETCH(c);
+	if (c == '<' || c == '\'') {
+	  UChar* name_end;
+	  int* backs;
+	  int back_num;
+
+	  prev = p;
+
+#ifdef USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL
+	  name_end = NULL_UCHARP; /* no need. escape gcc warning. */
+	  r = fetch_name_with_level((OnigCodePoint )c, &p, end, &name_end,
+				    env, &back_num, &tok->u.backref.level);
+	  if (r == 1) tok->u.backref.exist_level = 1;
+	  else        tok->u.backref.exist_level = 0;
+#else
+	  r = fetch_name(&p, end, &name_end, env, &back_num, 1);
+#endif
+	  if (r < 0) return r;
+
+	  if (back_num != 0) {
+	    if (back_num < 0) {
+	      back_num = BACKREF_REL_TO_ABS(back_num, env);
+	      if (back_num <= 0)
+		return ONIGERR_INVALID_BACKREF;
+	    }
+
+	    if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(syn, ONIG_SYN_STRICT_CHECK_BACKREF)) {
+	      if (back_num > env->num_mem ||
+		  IS_NULL(SCANENV_MEM_NODES(env)[back_num]))
+		return ONIGERR_INVALID_BACKREF;
+	    }
+	    tok->type = TK_BACKREF;
+	    tok->u.backref.by_name = 0;
+	    tok->u.backref.num  = 1;
+	    tok->u.backref.ref1 = back_num;
+	  }
+	  else {
+	    num = onig_name_to_group_numbers(env->reg, prev, name_end, &backs);
+	    if (num <= 0) {
+	      onig_scan_env_set_error_string(env,
+			     ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_NAME_REFERENCE, prev, name_end);
+	      return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_NAME_REFERENCE;
+	    }
+	    if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(syn, ONIG_SYN_STRICT_CHECK_BACKREF)) {
+	      int i;
+	      for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		if (backs[i] > env->num_mem ||
+		    IS_NULL(SCANENV_MEM_NODES(env)[backs[i]]))
+		  return ONIGERR_INVALID_BACKREF;
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    tok->type = TK_BACKREF;
+	    tok->u.backref.by_name = 1;
+	    if (num == 1) {
+	      tok->u.backref.num  = 1;
+	      tok->u.backref.ref1 = backs[0];
+	    }
+	    else {
+	      tok->u.backref.num  = num;
+	      tok->u.backref.refs = backs;
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+	else
+	  PUNFETCH;
+      }
+      break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SUBEXP_CALL
+    case 'g':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_G_SUBEXP_CALL)) {
+	PFETCH(c);
+	if (c == '<' || c == '\'') {
+	  int gnum;
+	  UChar* name_end;
+
+	  prev = p;
+	  r = fetch_name((OnigCodePoint )c, &p, end, &name_end, env, &gnum, 1);
+	  if (r < 0) return r;
+
+	  tok->type = TK_CALL;
+	  tok->u.call.name     = prev;
+	  tok->u.call.name_end = name_end;
+	  tok->u.call.gnum     = gnum;
+	}
+	else
+	  PUNFETCH;
+      }
+      break;
+#endif
+
+    case 'Q':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_CAPITAL_Q_QUOTE)) {
+	tok->type = TK_QUOTE_OPEN;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'p':
+    case 'P':
+      if (PPEEK_IS('{') &&
+	  IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_P_BRACE_CHAR_PROPERTY)) {
+	PINC;
+	tok->type = TK_CHAR_PROPERTY;
+	tok->u.prop.not = (c == 'P' ? 1 : 0);
+
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ESC_P_BRACE_CIRCUMFLEX_NOT)) {
+	  PFETCH(c);
+	  if (c == '^') {
+	    tok->u.prop.not = (tok->u.prop.not == 0 ? 1 : 0);
+	  }
+	  else
+	    PUNFETCH;
+	}
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      PUNFETCH;
+      num = fetch_escaped_value(&p, end, env);
+      if (num < 0) return num;
+      /* set_raw: */
+      if (tok->u.c != num) {
+	tok->type = TK_CODE_POINT;
+	tok->u.code = (OnigCodePoint )num;
+      }
+      else { /* string */
+	p = tok->backp + enclen(enc, tok->backp);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    tok->u.c = c;
+    tok->escaped = 0;
+
+#ifdef USE_VARIABLE_META_CHARS
+    if ((c != ONIG_INEFFECTIVE_META_CHAR) &&
+	IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_VARIABLE_META_CHARACTERS)) {
+      if (c == MC_ANYCHAR(syn))
+	goto any_char;
+      else if (c == MC_ANYTIME(syn))
+	goto anytime;
+      else if (c == MC_ZERO_OR_ONE_TIME(syn))
+	goto zero_or_one_time;
+      else if (c == MC_ONE_OR_MORE_TIME(syn))
+	goto one_or_more_time;
+      else if (c == MC_ANYCHAR_ANYTIME(syn)) {
+	tok->type = TK_ANYCHAR_ANYTIME;
+	goto out;
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    switch (c) {
+    case '.':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_DOT_ANYCHAR)) break;
+#ifdef USE_VARIABLE_META_CHARS
+    any_char:
+#endif
+      tok->type = TK_ANYCHAR;
+      break;
+
+    case '*':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_ASTERISK_ZERO_INF)) break;
+#ifdef USE_VARIABLE_META_CHARS
+    anytime:
+#endif
+      tok->type = TK_OP_REPEAT;
+      tok->u.repeat.lower = 0;
+      tok->u.repeat.upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;
+      goto greedy_check;
+      break;
+
+    case '+':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_PLUS_ONE_INF)) break;
+#ifdef USE_VARIABLE_META_CHARS
+    one_or_more_time:
+#endif
+      tok->type = TK_OP_REPEAT;
+      tok->u.repeat.lower = 1;
+      tok->u.repeat.upper = REPEAT_INFINITE;
+      goto greedy_check;
+      break;
+
+    case '?':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_QMARK_ZERO_ONE)) break;
+#ifdef USE_VARIABLE_META_CHARS
+    zero_or_one_time:
+#endif
+      tok->type = TK_OP_REPEAT;
+      tok->u.repeat.lower = 0;
+      tok->u.repeat.upper = 1;
+      goto greedy_check;
+      break;
+
+    case '{':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_BRACE_INTERVAL)) break;
+      r = fetch_range_quantifier(&p, end, tok, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;  /* error */
+      if (r == 0) goto greedy_check;
+      else if (r == 2) { /* {n} */
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(syn, ONIG_SYN_FIXED_INTERVAL_IS_GREEDY_ONLY))
+	  goto possessive_check;
+
+	goto greedy_check;
+      }
+      /* r == 1 : normal char */
+      break;
+
+    case '|':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_VBAR_ALT)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ALT;
+      break;
+
+    case '(':
+      if (PPEEK_IS('?') &&
+          IS_SYNTAX_OP2(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP2_QMARK_GROUP_EFFECT)) {
+        PINC;
+        if (PPEEK_IS('#')) {
+          PFETCH(c);
+          while (1) {
+            if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_IN_GROUP;
+            PFETCH(c);
+            if (c == MC_ESC(syn)) {
+              if (!PEND) PFETCH(c);
+            }
+            else {
+              if (c == ')') break;
+            }
+          }
+          goto start;
+        }
+        PUNFETCH;
+      }
+
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_LPAREN_SUBEXP)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_SUBEXP_OPEN;
+      break;
+
+    case ')':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_LPAREN_SUBEXP)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_SUBEXP_CLOSE;
+      break;
+
+    case '^':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_LINE_ANCHOR)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.subtype = (IS_SINGLELINE(env->option)
+			? ANCHOR_BEGIN_BUF : ANCHOR_BEGIN_LINE);
+      break;
+
+    case '$':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_LINE_ANCHOR)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_ANCHOR;
+      tok->u.subtype = (IS_SINGLELINE(env->option)
+			? ANCHOR_SEMI_END_BUF : ANCHOR_END_LINE);
+      break;
+
+    case '[':
+      if (! IS_SYNTAX_OP(syn, ONIG_SYN_OP_BRACKET_CC)) break;
+      tok->type = TK_CC_OPEN;
+      break;
+
+    case ']':
+      if (*src > env->pattern)   /* /].../ is allowed. */
+	CLOSE_BRACKET_WITHOUT_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"]");
+      break;
+
+    case '#':
+      if (IS_EXTEND(env->option)) {
+	while (!PEND) {
+	  PFETCH(c);
+	  if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_NEWLINE(enc, c))
+	    break;
+	}
+	goto start;
+	break;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': case '\r': case '\f':
+      if (IS_EXTEND(env->option))
+	goto start;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      /* string */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_VARIABLE_META_CHARS
+ out:
+#endif
+  *src = p;
+  return tok->type;
+}
+
+static int
+add_ctype_to_cc_by_range(CClassNode* cc, int ctype ARG_UNUSED, int not,
+			 OnigEncoding enc ARG_UNUSED,
+                         OnigCodePoint sb_out, const OnigCodePoint mbr[])
+{
+  int i, r;
+  OnigCodePoint j;
+
+  int n = ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_NUM(mbr);
+
+  if (not == 0) {
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      for (j  = ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_FROM(mbr, i);
+           j <= ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_TO(mbr, i); j++) {
+	if (j >= sb_out) {
+	  if (j == ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_TO(mbr, i)) i++;
+	  else if (j > ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_FROM(mbr, i)) {
+	    r = add_code_range_to_buf(&(cc->mbuf), j,
+				      ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_TO(mbr, i));
+	    if (r != 0) return r;
+	    i++;
+	  }
+
+	  goto sb_end;
+	}
+        BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, j);
+      }
+    }
+
+  sb_end:
+    for ( ; i < n; i++) {
+      r = add_code_range_to_buf(&(cc->mbuf),
+                                ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_FROM(mbr, i),
+                                ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_TO(mbr, i));
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    OnigCodePoint prev = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      for (j = prev;
+	   j < ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_FROM(mbr, i); j++) {
+	if (j >= sb_out) {
+	  goto sb_end2;
+	}
+	BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, j);
+      }
+      prev = ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_TO(mbr, i) + 1;
+    }
+    for (j = prev; j < sb_out; j++) {
+      BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, j);
+    }
+
+  sb_end2:
+    prev = sb_out;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      if (prev < ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_FROM(mbr, i)) {
+	r = add_code_range_to_buf(&(cc->mbuf), prev,
+                                  ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_FROM(mbr, i) - 1);
+	if (r != 0) return r;
+      }
+      prev = ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_TO(mbr, i) + 1;
+    }
+    if (prev < 0x7fffffff) {
+      r = add_code_range_to_buf(&(cc->mbuf), prev, 0x7fffffff);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+add_ctype_to_cc(CClassNode* cc, int ctype, int not, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int c, r;
+  const OnigCodePoint *ranges;
+  OnigCodePoint sb_out;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+
+  r = ONIGENC_GET_CTYPE_CODE_RANGE(enc, ctype, &sb_out, &ranges);
+  if (r == 0) {
+    return add_ctype_to_cc_by_range(cc, ctype, not, env->enc, sb_out, ranges);
+  }
+  else if (r != ONIG_NO_SUPPORT_CONFIG) {
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  r = 0;
+  switch (ctype) {
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_ALPHA:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_BLANK:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_CNTRL:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_DIGIT:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_LOWER:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_PUNCT:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPACE:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_UPPER:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_XDIGIT:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_ASCII:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_ALNUM:
+    if (not != 0) {
+      for (c = 0; c < SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE; c++) {
+	if (! ONIGENC_IS_CODE_CTYPE(enc, (OnigCodePoint )c, ctype))
+	  BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, c);
+      }
+      ADD_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, cc->mbuf);
+    }
+    else {
+      for (c = 0; c < SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE; c++) {
+	if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_CTYPE(enc, (OnigCodePoint )c, ctype))
+	  BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, c);
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_GRAPH:
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_PRINT:
+    if (not != 0) {
+      for (c = 0; c < SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE; c++) {
+	if (! ONIGENC_IS_CODE_CTYPE(enc, (OnigCodePoint )c, ctype))
+	  BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, c);
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      for (c = 0; c < SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE; c++) {
+	if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_CTYPE(enc, (OnigCodePoint )c, ctype))
+	  BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, c);
+      }
+      ADD_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, cc->mbuf);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case ONIGENC_CTYPE_WORD:
+    if (not == 0) {
+      for (c = 0; c < SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE; c++) {
+	if (IS_CODE_SB_WORD(enc, c)) BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, c);
+      }
+      ADD_ALL_MULTI_BYTE_RANGE(enc, cc->mbuf);
+    }
+    else {
+      for (c = 0; c < SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE; c++) {
+        if ((ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBCLEN(enc, c) > 0) /* check invalid code point */
+	    && ! ONIGENC_IS_CODE_WORD(enc, c))
+	  BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, c);
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    return ONIGERR_PARSER_BUG;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_posix_bracket(CClassNode* cc, UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+#define POSIX_BRACKET_CHECK_LIMIT_LENGTH  20
+#define POSIX_BRACKET_NAME_MIN_LEN         4
+
+  static PosixBracketEntryType PBS[] = {
+    { (UChar* )"alnum",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_ALNUM,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"alpha",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_ALPHA,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"blank",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_BLANK,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"cntrl",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_CNTRL,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"digit",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_DIGIT,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"graph",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_GRAPH,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"lower",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_LOWER,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"print",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_PRINT,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"punct",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_PUNCT,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"space",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPACE,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"upper",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_UPPER,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"xdigit", ONIGENC_CTYPE_XDIGIT, 6 },
+    { (UChar* )"ascii",  ONIGENC_CTYPE_ASCII,  5 },
+    { (UChar* )"word",   ONIGENC_CTYPE_WORD,   4 },
+    { (UChar* )NULL,     -1, 0 }
+  };
+
+  PosixBracketEntryType *pb;
+  int not, i, r;
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar *p = *src;
+
+  if (PPEEK_IS('^')) {
+    PINC_S;
+    not = 1;
+  }
+  else
+    not = 0;
+
+  if (onigenc_strlen(enc, p, end) < POSIX_BRACKET_NAME_MIN_LEN + 3)
+    goto not_posix_bracket;
+
+  for (pb = PBS; IS_NOT_NULL(pb->name); pb++) {
+    if (onigenc_with_ascii_strncmp(enc, p, end, pb->name, pb->len) == 0) {
+      p = (UChar* )onigenc_step(enc, p, end, pb->len);
+      if (onigenc_with_ascii_strncmp(enc, p, end, (UChar* )":]", 2) != 0)
+        return ONIGERR_INVALID_POSIX_BRACKET_TYPE;
+
+      r = add_ctype_to_cc(cc, pb->ctype, not, env);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+
+      PINC_S; PINC_S;
+      *src = p;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+ not_posix_bracket:
+  c = 0;
+  i = 0;
+  while (!PEND && ((c = PPEEK) != ':') && c != ']') {
+    PINC_S;
+    if (++i > POSIX_BRACKET_CHECK_LIMIT_LENGTH) break;
+  }
+  if (c == ':' && ! PEND) {
+    PINC_S;
+    if (! PEND) {
+      PFETCH_S(c);
+      if (c == ']')
+        return ONIGERR_INVALID_POSIX_BRACKET_TYPE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 1;  /* 1: is not POSIX bracket, but no error. */
+}
+
+static int
+fetch_char_property_to_ctype(UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r;
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar *prev, *start, *p = *src;
+
+  r = 0;
+  start = prev = p;
+
+  while (!PEND) {
+    prev = p;
+    PFETCH_S(c);
+    if (c == '}') {
+      r = ONIGENC_PROPERTY_NAME_TO_CTYPE(enc, start, prev);
+      if (r < 0) break;
+
+      *src = p;
+      return r;
+    }
+    else if (c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '{' || c == '|') {
+      r = ONIGERR_INVALID_CHAR_PROPERTY_NAME;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  onig_scan_env_set_error_string(env, r, *src, prev);
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_char_property(Node** np, OnigToken* tok, UChar** src, UChar* end,
+		    ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r, ctype;
+  CClassNode* cc;
+
+  ctype = fetch_char_property_to_ctype(src, end, env);
+  if (ctype < 0) return ctype;
+
+  *np = node_new_cclass();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+  cc = NCCLASS(*np);
+  r = add_ctype_to_cc(cc, ctype, 0, env);
+  if (r != 0) return r;
+  if (tok->u.prop.not != 0) NCCLASS_SET_NOT(cc);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+enum CCSTATE {
+  CCS_VALUE,
+  CCS_RANGE,
+  CCS_COMPLETE,
+  CCS_START
+};
+
+enum CCVALTYPE {
+  CCV_SB,
+  CCV_CODE_POINT,
+  CCV_CLASS
+};
+
+static int
+next_state_class(CClassNode* cc, OnigCodePoint* vs, enum CCVALTYPE* type,
+		 enum CCSTATE* state, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r;
+
+  if (*state == CCS_RANGE)
+    return ONIGERR_CHAR_CLASS_VALUE_AT_END_OF_RANGE;
+
+  if (*state == CCS_VALUE && *type != CCV_CLASS) {
+    if (*type == CCV_SB)
+      BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, (int )(*vs));
+    else if (*type == CCV_CODE_POINT) {
+      r = add_code_range(&(cc->mbuf), env, *vs, *vs);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *state = CCS_VALUE;
+  *type  = CCV_CLASS;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+next_state_val(CClassNode* cc, OnigCodePoint *vs, OnigCodePoint v,
+	       int* vs_israw, int v_israw,
+	       enum CCVALTYPE intype, enum CCVALTYPE* type,
+	       enum CCSTATE* state, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r;
+
+  switch (*state) {
+  case CCS_VALUE:
+    if (*type == CCV_SB)
+      BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, (int )(*vs));
+    else if (*type == CCV_CODE_POINT) {
+      r = add_code_range(&(cc->mbuf), env, *vs, *vs);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case CCS_RANGE:
+    if (intype == *type) {
+      if (intype == CCV_SB) {
+        if (*vs > 0xff || v > 0xff)
+          return ONIGERR_INVALID_CODE_POINT_VALUE;
+
+	if (*vs > v) {
+	  if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_EMPTY_RANGE_IN_CC))
+	    goto ccs_range_end;
+	  else
+	    return ONIGERR_EMPTY_RANGE_IN_CHAR_CLASS;
+	}
+	bitset_set_range(cc->bs, (int )*vs, (int )v);
+      }
+      else {
+	r = add_code_range(&(cc->mbuf), env, *vs, v);
+	if (r < 0) return r;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+#if 0
+      if (intype == CCV_CODE_POINT && *type == CCV_SB) {
+#endif
+	if (*vs > v) {
+	  if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_EMPTY_RANGE_IN_CC))
+	    goto ccs_range_end;
+	  else
+	    return ONIGERR_EMPTY_RANGE_IN_CHAR_CLASS;
+	}
+	bitset_set_range(cc->bs, (int )*vs, (int )(v < 0xff ? v : 0xff));
+	r = add_code_range(&(cc->mbuf), env, (OnigCodePoint )*vs, v);
+	if (r < 0) return r;
+#if 0
+      }
+      else
+	return ONIGERR_MISMATCH_CODE_LENGTH_IN_CLASS_RANGE;
+#endif
+    }
+  ccs_range_end:
+    *state = CCS_COMPLETE;
+    break;
+
+  case CCS_COMPLETE:
+  case CCS_START:
+    *state = CCS_VALUE;
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  *vs_israw = v_israw;
+  *vs       = v;
+  *type     = intype;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+code_exist_check(OnigCodePoint c, UChar* from, UChar* end, int ignore_escaped,
+		 ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int in_esc;
+  OnigCodePoint code;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+  UChar* p = from;
+
+  in_esc = 0;
+  while (! PEND) {
+    if (ignore_escaped && in_esc) {
+      in_esc = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+      PFETCH_S(code);
+      if (code == c) return 1;
+      if (code == MC_ESC(env->syntax)) in_esc = 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_char_class(Node** np, OnigToken* tok, UChar** src, UChar* end,
+		 ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r, neg, len, fetched, and_start;
+  OnigCodePoint v, vs;
+  UChar *p;
+  Node* node;
+  CClassNode *cc, *prev_cc;
+  CClassNode work_cc;
+
+  enum CCSTATE state;
+  enum CCVALTYPE val_type, in_type;
+  int val_israw, in_israw;
+
+  prev_cc = (CClassNode* )NULL;
+  *np = NULL_NODE;
+  r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, src, end, env);
+  if (r == TK_CHAR && tok->u.c == '^' && tok->escaped == 0) {
+    neg = 1;
+    r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, src, end, env);
+  }
+  else {
+    neg = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (r < 0) return r;
+  if (r == TK_CC_CLOSE) {
+    if (! code_exist_check((OnigCodePoint )']',
+                           *src, env->pattern_end, 1, env))
+      return ONIGERR_EMPTY_CHAR_CLASS;
+
+    CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"]");
+    r = tok->type = TK_CHAR;  /* allow []...] */
+  }
+
+  *np = node = node_new_cclass();
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(node);
+  cc = NCCLASS(node);
+
+  and_start = 0;
+  state = CCS_START;
+  p = *src;
+  while (r != TK_CC_CLOSE) {
+    fetched = 0;
+    switch (r) {
+    case TK_CHAR:
+      len = ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBCLEN(env->enc, tok->u.c);
+      if (len > 1) {
+	in_type = CCV_CODE_POINT;
+      }
+      else if (len < 0) {
+	r = len;
+	goto err;
+      }
+      else {
+      sb_char:
+	in_type = CCV_SB;
+      }
+      v = (OnigCodePoint )tok->u.c;
+      in_israw = 0;
+      goto val_entry2;
+      break;
+
+    case TK_RAW_BYTE:
+      /* tok->base != 0 : octal or hexadec. */
+      if (! ONIGENC_IS_SINGLEBYTE(env->enc) && tok->base != 0) {
+	UChar buf[ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBC_MAXLEN];
+	UChar* bufe = buf + ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBC_MAXLEN;
+	UChar* psave = p;
+	int i, base = tok->base;
+
+	buf[0] = tok->u.c;
+	for (i = 1; i < ONIGENC_MBC_MAXLEN(env->enc); i++) {
+	  r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, &p, end, env);
+	  if (r < 0) goto err;
+	  if (r != TK_RAW_BYTE || tok->base != base) {
+	    fetched = 1;
+	    break;
+	  }
+	  buf[i] = tok->u.c;
+	}
+
+	if (i < ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(env->enc)) {
+	  r = ONIGERR_TOO_SHORT_MULTI_BYTE_STRING;
+	  goto err;
+	}
+
+	len = enclen(env->enc, buf);
+	if (i < len) {
+	  r = ONIGERR_TOO_SHORT_MULTI_BYTE_STRING;
+	  goto err;
+	}
+	else if (i > len) { /* fetch back */
+	  p = psave;
+	  for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+	    r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, &p, end, env);
+	  }
+	  fetched = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (i == 1) {
+	  v = (OnigCodePoint )buf[0];
+	  goto raw_single;
+	}
+	else {
+	  v = ONIGENC_MBC_TO_CODE(env->enc, buf, bufe);
+	  in_type = CCV_CODE_POINT;
+	}
+      }
+      else {
+	v = (OnigCodePoint )tok->u.c;
+      raw_single:
+	in_type = CCV_SB;
+      }
+      in_israw = 1;
+      goto val_entry2;
+      break;
+
+    case TK_CODE_POINT:
+      v = tok->u.code;
+      in_israw = 1;
+    val_entry:
+      len = ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBCLEN(env->enc, v);
+      if (len < 0) {
+	r = len;
+	goto err;
+      }
+      in_type = (len == 1 ? CCV_SB : CCV_CODE_POINT);
+    val_entry2:
+      r = next_state_val(cc, &vs, v, &val_israw, in_israw, in_type, &val_type,
+			 &state, env);
+      if (r != 0) goto err;
+      break;
+
+    case TK_POSIX_BRACKET_OPEN:
+      r = parse_posix_bracket(cc, &p, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) goto err;
+      if (r == 1) {  /* is not POSIX bracket */
+	CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"[");
+	p = tok->backp;
+	v = (OnigCodePoint )tok->u.c;
+	in_israw = 0;
+	goto val_entry;
+      }
+      goto next_class;
+      break;
+
+    case TK_CHAR_TYPE:
+      r = add_ctype_to_cc(cc, tok->u.prop.ctype, tok->u.prop.not, env);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+
+    next_class:
+      r = next_state_class(cc, &vs, &val_type, &state, env);
+      if (r != 0) goto err;
+      break;
+
+    case TK_CHAR_PROPERTY:
+      {
+	int ctype;
+
+	ctype = fetch_char_property_to_ctype(&p, end, env);
+	if (ctype < 0) return ctype;
+	r = add_ctype_to_cc(cc, ctype, tok->u.prop.not, env);
+	if (r != 0) return r;
+	goto next_class;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case TK_CC_RANGE:
+      if (state == CCS_VALUE) {
+	r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, &p, end, env);
+	if (r < 0) goto err;
+	fetched = 1;
+	if (r == TK_CC_CLOSE) { /* allow [x-] */
+	range_end_val:
+	  v = (OnigCodePoint )'-';
+	  in_israw = 0;
+	  goto val_entry;
+	}
+	else if (r == TK_CC_AND) {
+	  CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"-");
+	  goto range_end_val;
+	}
+	state = CCS_RANGE;
+      }
+      else if (state == CCS_START) {
+	/* [-xa] is allowed */
+	v = (OnigCodePoint )tok->u.c;
+	in_israw = 0;
+
+	r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, &p, end, env);
+	if (r < 0) goto err;
+	fetched = 1;
+	/* [--x] or [a&&-x] is warned. */
+	if (r == TK_CC_RANGE || and_start != 0)
+	  CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"-");
+
+	goto val_entry;
+      }
+      else if (state == CCS_RANGE) {
+	CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"-");
+	goto sb_char;  /* [!--x] is allowed */
+      }
+      else { /* CCS_COMPLETE */
+	r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, &p, end, env);
+	if (r < 0) goto err;
+	fetched = 1;
+	if (r == TK_CC_CLOSE) goto range_end_val; /* allow [a-b-] */
+	else if (r == TK_CC_AND) {
+	  CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"-");
+	  goto range_end_val;
+	}
+	
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_DOUBLE_RANGE_OP_IN_CC)) {
+	  CC_ESC_WARN(env, (UChar* )"-");
+	  goto sb_char;   /* [0-9-a] is allowed as [0-9\-a] */
+	}
+	r = ONIGERR_UNMATCHED_RANGE_SPECIFIER_IN_CHAR_CLASS;
+	goto err;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case TK_CC_CC_OPEN: /* [ */
+      {
+	Node *anode;
+	CClassNode* acc;
+
+	r = parse_char_class(&anode, tok, &p, end, env);
+	if (r != 0) goto cc_open_err;
+	acc = NCCLASS(anode);
+	r = or_cclass(cc, acc, env->enc);
+
+	onig_node_free(anode);
+      cc_open_err:
+	if (r != 0) goto err;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case TK_CC_AND: /* && */
+      {
+	if (state == CCS_VALUE) {
+	  r = next_state_val(cc, &vs, 0, &val_israw, 0, val_type,
+			     &val_type, &state, env);
+	  if (r != 0) goto err;
+	}
+	/* initialize local variables */
+	and_start = 1;
+	state = CCS_START;
+
+	if (IS_NOT_NULL(prev_cc)) {
+	  r = and_cclass(prev_cc, cc, env->enc);
+	  if (r != 0) goto err;
+	  bbuf_free(cc->mbuf);
+	}
+	else {
+	  prev_cc = cc;
+	  cc = &work_cc;
+	}
+	initialize_cclass(cc);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case TK_EOT:
+      r = ONIGERR_PREMATURE_END_OF_CHAR_CLASS;
+      goto err;
+      break;
+    default:
+      r = ONIGERR_PARSER_BUG;
+      goto err;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (fetched)
+      r = tok->type;
+    else {
+      r = fetch_token_in_cc(tok, &p, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (state == CCS_VALUE) {
+    r = next_state_val(cc, &vs, 0, &val_israw, 0, val_type,
+		       &val_type, &state, env);
+    if (r != 0) goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(prev_cc)) {
+    r = and_cclass(prev_cc, cc, env->enc);
+    if (r != 0) goto err;
+    bbuf_free(cc->mbuf);
+    cc = prev_cc;
+  }
+
+  if (neg != 0)
+    NCCLASS_SET_NOT(cc);
+  else
+    NCCLASS_CLEAR_NOT(cc);
+  if (IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc) &&
+      IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_NOT_NEWLINE_IN_NEGATIVE_CC)) {
+    int is_empty;
+
+    is_empty = (IS_NULL(cc->mbuf) ? 1 : 0);
+    if (is_empty != 0)
+      BITSET_IS_EMPTY(cc->bs, is_empty);
+
+    if (is_empty == 0) {
+#define NEWLINE_CODE    0x0a
+
+      if (ONIGENC_IS_CODE_NEWLINE(env->enc, NEWLINE_CODE)) {
+        if (ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBCLEN(env->enc, NEWLINE_CODE) == 1)
+          BITSET_SET_BIT(cc->bs, NEWLINE_CODE);
+        else
+          add_code_range(&(cc->mbuf), env, NEWLINE_CODE, NEWLINE_CODE);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  *src = p;
+  return 0;
+
+ err:
+  if (cc != NCCLASS(*np))
+    bbuf_free(cc->mbuf);
+  onig_node_free(*np);
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int parse_subexp(Node** top, OnigToken* tok, int term,
+			UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env);
+
+static int
+parse_enclose(Node** np, OnigToken* tok, int term, UChar** src, UChar* end,
+	      ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r, num;
+  Node *target;
+  OnigOptionType option;
+  OnigCodePoint c;
+  OnigEncoding enc = env->enc;
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+  int list_capture;
+#endif
+
+  UChar* p = *src;
+  PFETCH_READY;
+
+  *np = NULL;
+  if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_WITH_UNMATCHED_PARENTHESIS;
+
+  option = env->option;
+  if (PPEEK_IS('?') &&
+      IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_QMARK_GROUP_EFFECT)) {
+    PINC;
+    if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_IN_GROUP;
+
+    PFETCH(c);
+    switch (c) {
+    case ':':   /* (?:...) grouping only */
+    group:
+      r = fetch_token(tok, &p, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+      r = parse_subexp(np, tok, term, &p, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+      *src = p;
+      return 1; /* group */
+      break;
+
+    case '=':
+      *np = onig_node_new_anchor(ANCHOR_PREC_READ);
+      break;
+    case '!':  /*         preceding read */
+      *np = onig_node_new_anchor(ANCHOR_PREC_READ_NOT);
+      break;
+    case '>':            /* (?>...) stop backtrack */
+      *np = node_new_enclose(ENCLOSE_STOP_BACKTRACK);
+      break;
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+    case '\'':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_QMARK_LT_NAMED_GROUP)) {
+	goto named_group1;
+      }
+      else
+	return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+      break;
+#endif
+
+    case '<':   /* look behind (?<=...), (?<!...) */
+      PFETCH(c);
+      if (c == '=')
+	*np = onig_node_new_anchor(ANCHOR_LOOK_BEHIND);
+      else if (c == '!')
+	*np = onig_node_new_anchor(ANCHOR_LOOK_BEHIND_NOT);
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+      else {
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_QMARK_LT_NAMED_GROUP)) {
+	  UChar *name;
+	  UChar *name_end;
+
+	  PUNFETCH;
+	  c = '<';
+
+	named_group1:
+	  list_capture = 0;
+
+	named_group2:
+	  name = p;
+	  r = fetch_name((OnigCodePoint )c, &p, end, &name_end, env, &num, 0);
+	  if (r < 0) return r;
+
+	  num = scan_env_add_mem_entry(env);
+	  if (num < 0) return num;
+	  if (list_capture != 0 && num >= (int )BIT_STATUS_BITS_NUM)
+	    return ONIGERR_GROUP_NUMBER_OVER_FOR_CAPTURE_HISTORY;
+
+	  r = name_add(env->reg, name, name_end, num, env);
+	  if (r != 0) return r;
+	  *np = node_new_enclose_memory(env->option, 1);
+	  CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+	  NENCLOSE(*np)->regnum = num;
+	  if (list_capture != 0)
+	    BIT_STATUS_ON_AT_SIMPLE(env->capture_history, num);
+	  env->num_named++;
+	}
+	else {
+	  return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+	}
+      }
+#else
+      else {
+	return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+
+    case '@':
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_ATMARK_CAPTURE_HISTORY)) {
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+	if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_QMARK_LT_NAMED_GROUP)) {
+	  PFETCH(c);
+	  if (c == '<' || c == '\'') {
+	    list_capture = 1;
+	    goto named_group2; /* (?@<name>...) */
+	  }
+	  PUNFETCH;
+	}
+#endif
+	*np = node_new_enclose_memory(env->option, 0);
+	CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+	num = scan_env_add_mem_entry(env);
+	if (num < 0) {
+	  onig_node_free(*np);
+	  return num;
+	}
+	else if (num >= (int )BIT_STATUS_BITS_NUM) {
+	  onig_node_free(*np);
+	  return ONIGERR_GROUP_NUMBER_OVER_FOR_CAPTURE_HISTORY;
+	}
+	NENCLOSE(*np)->regnum = num;
+	BIT_STATUS_ON_AT_SIMPLE(env->capture_history, num);
+      }
+      else {
+	return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+      }
+      break;
+
+#ifdef USE_POSIXLINE_OPTION
+    case 'p':
+#endif
+    case '-': case 'i': case 'm': case 's': case 'x':
+      {
+	int neg = 0;
+
+	while (1) {
+	  switch (c) {
+	  case ':':
+	  case ')':
+	  break;
+
+	  case '-':  neg = 1; break;
+	  case 'x':  ONOFF(option, ONIG_OPTION_EXTEND,     neg); break;
+	  case 'i':  ONOFF(option, ONIG_OPTION_IGNORECASE, neg); break;
+	  case 's':
+	    if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_OPTION_PERL)) {
+	      ONOFF(option, ONIG_OPTION_MULTILINE,  neg);
+	    }
+	    else
+	      return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'm':
+	    if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_OPTION_PERL)) {
+	      ONOFF(option, ONIG_OPTION_SINGLELINE, (neg == 0 ? 1 : 0));
+	    }
+	    else if (IS_SYNTAX_OP2(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_OP2_OPTION_RUBY)) {
+	      ONOFF(option, ONIG_OPTION_MULTILINE,  neg);
+	    }
+	    else
+	      return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+	    break;
+#ifdef USE_POSIXLINE_OPTION
+	  case 'p':
+	    ONOFF(option, ONIG_OPTION_MULTILINE|ONIG_OPTION_SINGLELINE, neg);
+	    break;
+#endif
+	  default:
+	    return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+	  }
+
+	  if (c == ')') {
+	    *np = node_new_option(option);
+	    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+	    *src = p;
+	    return 2; /* option only */
+	  }
+	  else if (c == ':') {
+	    OnigOptionType prev = env->option;
+
+	    env->option     = option;
+	    r = fetch_token(tok, &p, end, env);
+	    if (r < 0) return r;
+	    r = parse_subexp(&target, tok, term, &p, end, env);
+	    env->option = prev;
+	    if (r < 0) return r;
+	    *np = node_new_option(option);
+	    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+	    NENCLOSE(*np)->target = target;
+	    *src = p;
+	    return 0;
+	  }
+
+	  if (PEND) return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_IN_GROUP;
+	  PFETCH(c);
+	}
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return ONIGERR_UNDEFINED_GROUP_OPTION;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    if (ONIG_IS_OPTION_ON(env->option, ONIG_OPTION_DONT_CAPTURE_GROUP))
+      goto group;
+
+    *np = node_new_enclose_memory(env->option, 0);
+    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+    num = scan_env_add_mem_entry(env);
+    if (num < 0) return num;
+    NENCLOSE(*np)->regnum = num;
+  }
+
+  CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+  r = fetch_token(tok, &p, end, env);
+  if (r < 0) return r;
+  r = parse_subexp(&target, tok, term, &p, end, env);
+  if (r < 0) return r;
+
+  if (NTYPE(*np) == NT_ANCHOR)
+    NANCHOR(*np)->target = target;
+  else {
+    NENCLOSE(*np)->target = target;
+    if (NENCLOSE(*np)->type == ENCLOSE_MEMORY) {
+      /* Don't move this to previous of parse_subexp() */
+      r = scan_env_set_mem_node(env, NENCLOSE(*np)->regnum, *np);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *src = p;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static const char* PopularQStr[] = {
+  "?", "*", "+", "??", "*?", "+?"
+};
+
+static const char* ReduceQStr[] = {
+  "", "", "*", "*?", "??", "+ and ??", "+? and ?"
+};
+
+static int
+set_quantifier(Node* qnode, Node* target, int group, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  QtfrNode* qn;
+
+  qn = NQTFR(qnode);
+  if (qn->lower == 1 && qn->upper == 1) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  switch (NTYPE(target)) {
+  case NT_STR:
+    if (! group) {
+      StrNode* sn = NSTR(target);
+      if (str_node_can_be_split(sn, env->enc)) {
+	Node* n = str_node_split_last_char(sn, env->enc);
+	if (IS_NOT_NULL(n)) {
+	  qn->target = n;
+	  return 2;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NT_QTFR:
+    { /* check redundant double repeat. */
+      /* verbose warn (?:.?)? etc... but not warn (.?)? etc... */
+      QtfrNode* qnt   = NQTFR(target);
+      int nestq_num   = popular_quantifier_num(qn);
+      int targetq_num = popular_quantifier_num(qnt);
+
+#ifdef USE_WARNING_REDUNDANT_NESTED_REPEAT_OPERATOR
+      if (!IS_QUANTIFIER_BY_NUMBER(qn) && !IS_QUANTIFIER_BY_NUMBER(qnt) &&
+	  IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_WARN_REDUNDANT_NESTED_REPEAT)) {
+        UChar buf[WARN_BUFSIZE];
+
+        switch(ReduceTypeTable[targetq_num][nestq_num]) {
+        case RQ_ASIS:
+          break;
+
+        case RQ_DEL:
+          if (onig_verb_warn != onig_null_warn) {
+            onig_snprintf_with_pattern(buf, WARN_BUFSIZE, env->enc,
+                                 env->pattern, env->pattern_end,
+                                 (UChar* )"redundant nested repeat operator");
+            (*onig_verb_warn)((char* )buf);
+          }
+          goto warn_exit;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          if (onig_verb_warn != onig_null_warn) {
+            onig_snprintf_with_pattern(buf, WARN_BUFSIZE, env->enc,
+                                       env->pattern, env->pattern_end,
+            (UChar* )"nested repeat operator %s and %s was replaced with '%s'",
+            PopularQStr[targetq_num], PopularQStr[nestq_num],
+            ReduceQStr[ReduceTypeTable[targetq_num][nestq_num]]);
+            (*onig_verb_warn)((char* )buf);
+          }
+          goto warn_exit;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+    warn_exit:
+#endif
+      if (targetq_num >= 0) {
+	if (nestq_num >= 0) {
+	  onig_reduce_nested_quantifier(qnode, target);
+	  goto q_exit;
+	}
+	else if (targetq_num == 1 || targetq_num == 2) { /* * or + */
+	  /* (?:a*){n,m}, (?:a+){n,m} => (?:a*){n,n}, (?:a+){n,n} */
+	  if (! IS_REPEAT_INFINITE(qn->upper) && qn->upper > 1 && qn->greedy) {
+	    qn->upper = (qn->lower == 0 ? 1 : qn->lower);
+	  }
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  qn->target = target;
+ q_exit:
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef USE_SHARED_CCLASS_TABLE
+
+#define THRESHOLD_RANGE_NUM_FOR_SHARE_CCLASS     8
+
+/* for ctype node hash table */
+
+typedef struct {
+  OnigEncoding enc;
+  int not;
+  int type;
+} type_cclass_key;
+
+static int type_cclass_cmp(type_cclass_key* x, type_cclass_key* y)
+{
+  if (x->type != y->type) return 1;
+  if (x->enc  != y->enc)  return 1;
+  if (x->not  != y->not)  return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int type_cclass_hash(type_cclass_key* key)
+{
+  int i, val;
+  UChar *p;
+
+  val = 0;
+
+  p = (UChar* )&(key->enc);
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )sizeof(key->enc); i++) {
+    val = val * 997 + (int )*p++;
+  }
+
+  p = (UChar* )(&key->type);
+  for (i = 0; i < (int )sizeof(key->type); i++) {
+    val = val * 997 + (int )*p++;
+  }
+
+  val += key->not;
+  return val + (val >> 5);
+}
+
+static struct st_hash_type type_type_cclass_hash = {
+    type_cclass_cmp,
+    type_cclass_hash,
+};
+
+static st_table* OnigTypeCClassTable;
+
+
+static int
+i_free_shared_class(type_cclass_key* key, Node* node, void* arg ARG_UNUSED)
+{
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(node)) {
+    CClassNode* cc = NCCLASS(node);
+    if (IS_NOT_NULL(cc->mbuf)) xfree(cc->mbuf);
+    xfree(node);
+  }
+
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(key)) xfree(key);
+  return ST_DELETE;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_free_shared_cclass_table(void)
+{
+  if (IS_NOT_NULL(OnigTypeCClassTable)) {
+    onig_st_foreach(OnigTypeCClassTable, i_free_shared_class, 0);
+    onig_st_free_table(OnigTypeCClassTable);
+    OnigTypeCClassTable = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* USE_SHARED_CCLASS_TABLE */
+
+
+#ifndef CASE_FOLD_IS_APPLIED_INSIDE_NEGATIVE_CCLASS
+static int
+clear_not_flag_cclass(CClassNode* cc, OnigEncoding enc)
+{
+  BBuf *tbuf;
+  int r;
+
+  if (IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc)) {
+    bitset_invert(cc->bs);
+
+    if (! ONIGENC_IS_SINGLEBYTE(enc)) {
+      r = not_code_range_buf(enc, cc->mbuf, &tbuf);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+
+      bbuf_free(cc->mbuf);
+      cc->mbuf = tbuf;
+    }
+
+    NCCLASS_CLEAR_NOT(cc);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CASE_FOLD_IS_APPLIED_INSIDE_NEGATIVE_CCLASS */
+
+typedef struct {
+  ScanEnv*    env;
+  CClassNode* cc;
+  Node*       alt_root;
+  Node**      ptail;
+} IApplyCaseFoldArg;
+
+static int
+i_apply_case_fold(OnigCodePoint from, OnigCodePoint to[],
+		  int to_len, void* arg)
+{
+  IApplyCaseFoldArg* iarg;
+  ScanEnv* env;
+  CClassNode* cc;
+  BitSetRef bs;
+
+  iarg = (IApplyCaseFoldArg* )arg;
+  env = iarg->env;
+  cc  = iarg->cc;
+  bs = cc->bs;
+
+  if (to_len == 1) {
+    int is_in = onig_is_code_in_cc(env->enc, from, cc);
+#ifdef CASE_FOLD_IS_APPLIED_INSIDE_NEGATIVE_CCLASS
+    if ((is_in != 0 && !IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc)) ||
+	(is_in == 0 &&  IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc))) {
+      if (ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(env->enc) > 1 || *to >= SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE) {
+	add_code_range(&(cc->mbuf), env, *to, *to);
+      }
+      else {
+	BITSET_SET_BIT(bs, *to);
+      }
+    }
+#else
+    if (is_in != 0) {
+      if (ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(env->enc) > 1 || *to >= SINGLE_BYTE_SIZE) {
+	if (IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc)) clear_not_flag_cclass(cc, env->enc);
+	add_code_range(&(cc->mbuf), env, *to, *to);
+      }
+      else {
+	if (IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc)) {
+	  BITSET_CLEAR_BIT(bs, *to);
+	}
+	else
+	  BITSET_SET_BIT(bs, *to);
+      }
+    }
+#endif /* CASE_FOLD_IS_APPLIED_INSIDE_NEGATIVE_CCLASS */
+  }
+  else {
+    int r, i, len;
+    UChar buf[ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBC_MAXLEN];
+    Node *snode = NULL_NODE;
+
+    if (onig_is_code_in_cc(env->enc, from, cc)
+#ifdef CASE_FOLD_IS_APPLIED_INSIDE_NEGATIVE_CCLASS
+	&& !IS_NCCLASS_NOT(cc)
+#endif
+	) {
+      for (i = 0; i < to_len; i++) {
+	len = ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBC(env->enc, to[i], buf);
+	if (i == 0) {
+	  snode = onig_node_new_str(buf, buf + len);
+	  CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(snode);
+
+	  /* char-class expanded multi-char only
+	     compare with string folded at match time. */
+	  NSTRING_SET_AMBIG(snode);
+	}
+	else {
+	  r = onig_node_str_cat(snode, buf, buf + len);
+	  if (r < 0) {
+	    onig_node_free(snode);
+	    return r;
+	  }
+	}
+      }
+
+      *(iarg->ptail) = onig_node_new_alt(snode, NULL_NODE);
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*(iarg->ptail));
+      iarg->ptail = &(NCDR((*(iarg->ptail))));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_exp(Node** np, OnigToken* tok, int term,
+	  UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r, len, group = 0;
+  Node* qn;
+  Node** targetp;
+
+  *np = NULL;
+  if (tok->type == (enum TokenSyms )term)
+    goto end_of_token;
+
+  switch (tok->type) {
+  case TK_ALT:
+  case TK_EOT:
+  end_of_token:
+  *np = node_new_empty();
+  return tok->type;
+  break;
+
+  case TK_SUBEXP_OPEN:
+    r = parse_enclose(np, tok, TK_SUBEXP_CLOSE, src, end, env);
+    if (r < 0) return r;
+    if (r == 1) group = 1;
+    else if (r == 2) { /* option only */
+      Node* target;
+      OnigOptionType prev = env->option;
+
+      env->option = NENCLOSE(*np)->option;
+      r = fetch_token(tok, src, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+      r = parse_subexp(&target, tok, term, src, end, env);
+      env->option = prev;
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+      NENCLOSE(*np)->target = target;	
+      return tok->type;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case TK_SUBEXP_CLOSE:
+    if (! IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_ALLOW_UNMATCHED_CLOSE_SUBEXP))
+      return ONIGERR_UNMATCHED_CLOSE_PARENTHESIS;
+
+    if (tok->escaped) goto tk_raw_byte;
+    else goto tk_byte;
+    break;
+
+  case TK_STRING:
+  tk_byte:
+    {
+      *np = node_new_str(tok->backp, *src);
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+
+      while (1) {
+	r = fetch_token(tok, src, end, env);
+	if (r < 0) return r;
+	if (r != TK_STRING) break;
+
+	r = onig_node_str_cat(*np, tok->backp, *src);
+	if (r < 0) return r;
+      }
+
+    string_end:
+      targetp = np;
+      goto repeat;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case TK_RAW_BYTE:
+  tk_raw_byte:
+    {
+      *np = node_new_str_raw_char((UChar )tok->u.c);
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+      len = 1;
+      while (1) {
+	if (len >= ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(env->enc)) {
+	  if (len == enclen(env->enc, NSTR(*np)->s)) {
+	    r = fetch_token(tok, src, end, env);
+	    NSTRING_CLEAR_RAW(*np);
+	    goto string_end;
+	  }
+	}
+
+	r = fetch_token(tok, src, end, env);
+	if (r < 0) return r;
+	if (r != TK_RAW_BYTE) {
+	  /* Don't use this, it is wrong for little endian encodings. */
+#ifdef USE_PAD_TO_SHORT_BYTE_CHAR
+	  int rem;
+	  if (len < ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(env->enc)) {
+	    rem = ONIGENC_MBC_MINLEN(env->enc) - len;
+	    (void )node_str_head_pad(NSTR(*np), rem, (UChar )0);
+	    if (len + rem == enclen(env->enc, NSTR(*np)->s)) {
+	      NSTRING_CLEAR_RAW(*np);
+	      goto string_end;
+	    }
+	  }
+#endif
+	  return ONIGERR_TOO_SHORT_MULTI_BYTE_STRING;
+	}
+
+	r = node_str_cat_char(*np, (UChar )tok->u.c);
+	if (r < 0) return r;
+
+	len++;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case TK_CODE_POINT:
+    {
+      UChar buf[ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBC_MAXLEN];
+      int num = ONIGENC_CODE_TO_MBC(env->enc, tok->u.code, buf);
+      if (num < 0) return num;
+#ifdef NUMBERED_CHAR_IS_NOT_CASE_AMBIG
+      *np = node_new_str_raw(buf, buf + num);
+#else
+      *np = node_new_str(buf, buf + num);
+#endif
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case TK_QUOTE_OPEN:
+    {
+      OnigCodePoint end_op[2];
+      UChar *qstart, *qend, *nextp;
+
+      end_op[0] = (OnigCodePoint )MC_ESC(env->syntax);
+      end_op[1] = (OnigCodePoint )'E';
+      qstart = *src;
+      qend = find_str_position(end_op, 2, qstart, end, &nextp, env->enc);
+      if (IS_NULL(qend)) {
+	nextp = qend = end;
+      }
+      *np = node_new_str(qstart, qend);
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+      *src = nextp;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case TK_CHAR_TYPE:
+    {
+      switch (tok->u.prop.ctype) {
+      case ONIGENC_CTYPE_WORD:
+	*np = node_new_ctype(tok->u.prop.ctype, tok->u.prop.not);
+	CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+	break;
+
+      case ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPACE:
+      case ONIGENC_CTYPE_DIGIT:
+      case ONIGENC_CTYPE_XDIGIT:
+	{
+	  CClassNode* cc;
+
+#ifdef USE_SHARED_CCLASS_TABLE
+          const OnigCodePoint *mbr;
+	  OnigCodePoint sb_out;
+
+          r = ONIGENC_GET_CTYPE_CODE_RANGE(env->enc, tok->u.prop.ctype,
+					   &sb_out, &mbr);
+          if (r == 0 &&
+              ONIGENC_CODE_RANGE_NUM(mbr)
+              >= THRESHOLD_RANGE_NUM_FOR_SHARE_CCLASS) {
+            type_cclass_key  key;
+            type_cclass_key* new_key;
+
+            key.enc  = env->enc;
+            key.not  = tok->u.prop.not;
+            key.type = tok->u.prop.ctype;
+
+            THREAD_ATOMIC_START;
+
+            if (IS_NULL(OnigTypeCClassTable)) {
+              OnigTypeCClassTable
+                = onig_st_init_table_with_size(&type_type_cclass_hash, 10);
+              if (IS_NULL(OnigTypeCClassTable)) {
+                THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+                return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+              }
+            }
+            else {
+              if (onig_st_lookup(OnigTypeCClassTable, (st_data_t )&key,
+                                 (st_data_t* )np)) {
+                THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+
+            *np = node_new_cclass_by_codepoint_range(tok->u.prop.not,
+						     sb_out, mbr);
+            if (IS_NULL(*np)) {
+              THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+              return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+            }
+
+            cc = NCCLASS(*np);
+            NCCLASS_SET_SHARE(cc);
+            new_key = (type_cclass_key* )xmalloc(sizeof(type_cclass_key));
+	    xmemcpy(new_key, &key, sizeof(type_cclass_key));
+            onig_st_add_direct(OnigTypeCClassTable, (st_data_t )new_key,
+                               (st_data_t )*np);
+            
+            THREAD_ATOMIC_END;
+          }
+          else {
+#endif
+            *np = node_new_cclass();
+            CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+            cc = NCCLASS(*np);
+            add_ctype_to_cc(cc, tok->u.prop.ctype, 0, env);
+            if (tok->u.prop.not != 0) NCCLASS_SET_NOT(cc);
+#ifdef USE_SHARED_CCLASS_TABLE
+          }
+#endif
+	}
+	break;
+
+      default:
+	return ONIGERR_PARSER_BUG;
+	break;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case TK_CHAR_PROPERTY:
+    r = parse_char_property(np, tok, src, end, env);
+    if (r != 0) return r;
+    break;
+
+  case TK_CC_OPEN:
+    {
+      CClassNode* cc;
+
+      r = parse_char_class(np, tok, src, end, env);
+      if (r != 0) return r;
+
+      cc = NCCLASS(*np);
+      if (IS_IGNORECASE(env->option)) {
+	IApplyCaseFoldArg iarg;
+
+	iarg.env      = env;
+	iarg.cc       = cc;
+	iarg.alt_root = NULL_NODE;
+	iarg.ptail    = &(iarg.alt_root);
+
+	r = ONIGENC_APPLY_ALL_CASE_FOLD(env->enc, env->case_fold_flag,
+					i_apply_case_fold, &iarg);
+	if (r != 0) {
+	  onig_node_free(iarg.alt_root);
+	  return r;
+	}
+	if (IS_NOT_NULL(iarg.alt_root)) {
+          Node* work = onig_node_new_alt(*np, iarg.alt_root);
+          if (IS_NULL(work)) {
+            onig_node_free(iarg.alt_root);
+            return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+          }
+          *np = work;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case TK_ANYCHAR:
+    *np = node_new_anychar();
+    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+    break;
+
+  case TK_ANYCHAR_ANYTIME:
+    *np = node_new_anychar();
+    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+    qn = node_new_quantifier(0, REPEAT_INFINITE, 0);
+    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(qn);
+    NQTFR(qn)->target = *np;
+    *np = qn;
+    break;
+
+  case TK_BACKREF:
+    len = tok->u.backref.num;
+    *np = node_new_backref(len,
+		   (len > 1 ? tok->u.backref.refs : &(tok->u.backref.ref1)),
+			   tok->u.backref.by_name,
+#ifdef USE_BACKREF_WITH_LEVEL
+			   tok->u.backref.exist_level,
+			   tok->u.backref.level,
+#endif
+			   env);
+    CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+    break;
+
+#ifdef USE_SUBEXP_CALL
+  case TK_CALL:
+    {
+      int gnum = tok->u.call.gnum;
+
+      if (gnum < 0) {
+	gnum = BACKREF_REL_TO_ABS(gnum, env);
+	if (gnum <= 0)
+	  return ONIGERR_INVALID_BACKREF;
+      }
+      *np = node_new_call(tok->u.call.name, tok->u.call.name_end, gnum);
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(*np);
+      env->num_call++;
+    }
+    break;
+#endif
+
+  case TK_ANCHOR:
+    *np = onig_node_new_anchor(tok->u.anchor);
+    break;
+
+  case TK_OP_REPEAT:
+  case TK_INTERVAL:
+    if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_CONTEXT_INDEP_REPEAT_OPS)) {
+      if (IS_SYNTAX_BV(env->syntax, ONIG_SYN_CONTEXT_INVALID_REPEAT_OPS))
+	return ONIGERR_TARGET_OF_REPEAT_OPERATOR_NOT_SPECIFIED;
+      else
+	*np = node_new_empty();
+    }
+    else {
+      goto tk_byte;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    return ONIGERR_PARSER_BUG;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  {
+    targetp = np;
+
+  re_entry:
+    r = fetch_token(tok, src, end, env);
+    if (r < 0) return r;
+
+  repeat:
+    if (r == TK_OP_REPEAT || r == TK_INTERVAL) {
+      if (is_invalid_quantifier_target(*targetp))
+	return ONIGERR_TARGET_OF_REPEAT_OPERATOR_INVALID;
+
+      qn = node_new_quantifier(tok->u.repeat.lower, tok->u.repeat.upper,
+			       (r == TK_INTERVAL ? 1 : 0));
+      CHECK_NULL_RETURN_MEMERR(qn);
+      NQTFR(qn)->greedy = tok->u.repeat.greedy;
+      r = set_quantifier(qn, *targetp, group, env);
+      if (r < 0) {
+	onig_node_free(qn);
+	return r;
+      }
+
+      if (tok->u.repeat.possessive != 0) {
+	Node* en;
+	en = node_new_enclose(ENCLOSE_STOP_BACKTRACK);
+	if (IS_NULL(en)) {
+	  onig_node_free(qn);
+	  return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+	}
+	NENCLOSE(en)->target = qn;
+	qn = en;
+      }
+
+      if (r == 0) {
+	*targetp = qn;
+      }
+      else if (r == 1) {
+	onig_node_free(qn);
+      }
+      else if (r == 2) { /* split case: /abc+/ */
+	Node *tmp;
+
+	*targetp = node_new_list(*targetp, NULL);
+	if (IS_NULL(*targetp)) {
+	  onig_node_free(qn);
+	  return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+	}
+	tmp = NCDR(*targetp) = node_new_list(qn, NULL);
+	if (IS_NULL(tmp)) {
+	  onig_node_free(qn);
+	  return ONIGERR_MEMORY;
+	}
+	targetp = &(NCAR(tmp));
+      }
+      goto re_entry;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_branch(Node** top, OnigToken* tok, int term,
+	     UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r;
+  Node *node, **headp;
+
+  *top = NULL;
+  r = parse_exp(&node, tok, term, src, end, env);
+  if (r < 0) return r;
+
+  if (r == TK_EOT || r == term || r == TK_ALT) {
+    *top = node;
+  }
+  else {
+    *top  = node_new_list(node, NULL);
+    headp = &(NCDR(*top));
+    while (r != TK_EOT && r != term && r != TK_ALT) {
+      r = parse_exp(&node, tok, term, src, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+
+      if (NTYPE(node) == NT_LIST) {
+	*headp = node;
+	while (IS_NOT_NULL(NCDR(node))) node = NCDR(node);
+	headp = &(NCDR(node));
+      }
+      else {
+	*headp = node_new_list(node, NULL);
+	headp = &(NCDR(*headp));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* term_tok: TK_EOT or TK_SUBEXP_CLOSE */
+static int
+parse_subexp(Node** top, OnigToken* tok, int term,
+	     UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r;
+  Node *node, **headp;
+
+  *top = NULL;
+  r = parse_branch(&node, tok, term, src, end, env);
+  if (r < 0) {
+    onig_node_free(node);
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  if (r == term) {
+    *top = node;
+  }
+  else if (r == TK_ALT) {
+    *top  = onig_node_new_alt(node, NULL);
+    headp = &(NCDR(*top));
+    while (r == TK_ALT) {
+      r = fetch_token(tok, src, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+      r = parse_branch(&node, tok, term, src, end, env);
+      if (r < 0) return r;
+
+      *headp = onig_node_new_alt(node, NULL);
+      headp = &(NCDR(*headp));
+    }
+
+    if (tok->type != (enum TokenSyms )term)
+      goto err;
+  }
+  else {
+  err:
+    if (term == TK_SUBEXP_CLOSE)
+      return ONIGERR_END_PATTERN_WITH_UNMATCHED_PARENTHESIS;
+    else
+      return ONIGERR_PARSER_BUG;
+  }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_regexp(Node** top, UChar** src, UChar* end, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r;
+  OnigToken tok;
+
+  r = fetch_token(&tok, src, end, env);
+  if (r < 0) return r;
+  r = parse_subexp(top, &tok, TK_EOT, src, end, env);
+  if (r < 0) return r;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern int
+onig_parse_make_tree(Node** root, const UChar* pattern, const UChar* end,
+		     regex_t* reg, ScanEnv* env)
+{
+  int r;
+  UChar* p;
+
+#ifdef USE_NAMED_GROUP
+  names_clear(reg);
+#endif
+
+  scan_env_clear(env);
+  env->option         = reg->options;
+  env->case_fold_flag = reg->case_fold_flag;
+  env->enc            = reg->enc;
+  env->syntax         = reg->syntax;
+  env->pattern        = (UChar* )pattern;
+  env->pattern_end    = (UChar* )end;
+  env->reg            = reg;
+
+  *root = NULL;
+  p = (UChar* )pattern;
+  r = parse_regexp(root, &p, (UChar* )end, env);
+  reg->num_mem = env->num_mem;
+  return r;
+}
+
+extern void
+onig_scan_env_set_error_string(ScanEnv* env, int ecode ARG_UNUSED,
+				UChar* arg, UChar* arg_end)
+{
+  env->error     = arg;
+  env->error_end = arg_end;
+}