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+/* Grapheme cluster break function.
+ Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is free software.
+ It is dual-licensed under "the GNU LGPLv3+ or the GNU GPLv2+".
+ You can redistribute it and/or modify it under either
+ - the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+ by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3, or (at your
+ option) any later version, or
+ - the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+ any later version, or
+ - the same dual license "the GNU LGPLv3+ or the GNU GPLv2+".
+
+ This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License and the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License and of the GNU General Public License along with this
+ program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+/* Written by Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>, 2025. */
+
+/* This file implements section 3 "Grapheme Cluster Boundaries"
+ of Unicode Standard Annex #29 <https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/>
+ backwards. */
+
+/* Returns true if the string [s_start, s) ends with a sequence of
+ Indic_Conjunct_Break values like:
+ consonant {extend|linker}* linker {extend|linker}*
+ */
+static bool
+ends_with_incb_consonant_extended_linker_extended (const UNIT *s,
+ const UNIT *s_start)
+{
+ /* Look for
+ consonant {extend|linker}*
+ with at least one linker. */
+ bool seen_linker = false;
+
+ while (s > s_start)
+ {
+ const UNIT *prev_s;
+ ucs4_t uc;
+
+ prev_s = U_PREV (&uc, s, s_start);
+ if (prev_s == NULL)
+ /* Ill-formed UTF-8 encoding. */
+ break;
+
+ int incb = uc_indic_conjunct_break (uc);
+ if (incb == UC_INDIC_CONJUNCT_BREAK_CONSONANT)
+ return seen_linker;
+ if (!(incb >= UC_INDIC_CONJUNCT_BREAK_LINKER))
+ break;
+ seen_linker |= (incb == UC_INDIC_CONJUNCT_BREAK_LINKER);
+
+ s = prev_s;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* Returns true if the string [s_start, s) ends with a sequence of
+ characters like:
+ \p{Extended_Pictographic} Extend*
+ */
+static bool
+ends_with_emoji_modifier_sequence (const UNIT *s, const UNIT *s_start)
+{
+ while (s > s_start)
+ {
+ const UNIT *prev_s;
+ ucs4_t uc;
+
+ prev_s = U_PREV (&uc, s, s_start);
+ if (prev_s == NULL)
+ /* Ill-formed UTF-8 encoding. */
+ break;
+
+ if (uc_is_property_extended_pictographic (uc))
+ return true;
+
+ if (uc_graphemeclusterbreak_property (uc) != GBP_EXTEND)
+ break;
+
+ s = prev_s;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of consecutive regional indicator (RI) characters
+ at the end of the string [s_start, s). */
+static size_t
+ends_with_ri_count (const UNIT *s, const UNIT *s_start)
+{
+ size_t ri_count = 0;
+
+ while (s > s_start)
+ {
+ const UNIT *prev_s;
+ ucs4_t uc;
+
+ prev_s = U_PREV (&uc, s, s_start);
+ if (prev_s == NULL)
+ /* Ill-formed UTF-8 encoding. */
+ break;
+
+ if (uc_graphemeclusterbreak_property (uc) == GBP_RI)
+ ri_count++;
+ else
+ break;
+
+ s = prev_s;
+ }
+
+ return ri_count;
+}
+
+const UNIT *
+FUNC (const UNIT *s, const UNIT *s_start)
+{
+ if (s == s_start)
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* Traverse the string backwards, from s down to s_start. */
+
+ /* Grapheme Cluster break property of the next character.
+ -1 at the very end of the string. */
+ int next_char_prop = -1;
+
+ /* Indic_Conjunct_Break property of the next character.
+ -1 at the very end of the string. */
+ int next_char_incb = -1;
+
+ /* Extended_Pictographic property of the next character.
+ false at the very end of the string. */
+ bool next_char_epic = false;
+
+ do
+ {
+ const UNIT *prev_s;
+ ucs4_t uc;
+
+ prev_s = U_PREV (&uc, s, s_start);
+ if (prev_s == NULL)
+ {
+ /* Ill-formed UTF-8 encoding. */
+ return s_start;
+ }
+
+ int prop = uc_graphemeclusterbreak_property (uc);
+ int incb = uc_indic_conjunct_break (uc);
+ bool epic = uc_is_property_extended_pictographic (uc);
+
+ /* Break at the end of the string (GB2). */
+ if (next_char_prop < 0)
+ /* *p = 1 */;
+ else
+ {
+ /* No break between CR and LF (GB3). */
+ if (prop == GBP_CR && next_char_prop == GBP_LF)
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* Break before and after newlines (GB4, GB5). */
+ else if ((prop == GBP_CR
+ || prop == GBP_LF
+ || prop == GBP_CONTROL)
+ || (next_char_prop == GBP_CR
+ || next_char_prop == GBP_LF
+ || next_char_prop == GBP_CONTROL))
+ break /* *p = 1 */;
+ /* No break between Hangul syllable sequences (GB6, GB7, GB8). */
+ else if ((prop == GBP_L
+ && (next_char_prop == GBP_L
+ || next_char_prop == GBP_V
+ || next_char_prop == GBP_LV
+ || next_char_prop == GBP_LVT))
+ || ((prop == GBP_LV
+ || prop == GBP_V)
+ && (next_char_prop == GBP_V
+ || next_char_prop == GBP_T))
+ || ((prop == GBP_LVT
+ || prop == GBP_T)
+ && next_char_prop == GBP_T))
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* No break before extending characters or ZWJ (GB9). */
+ else if (next_char_prop == GBP_EXTEND || next_char_prop == GBP_ZWJ)
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* No break before SpacingMarks (GB9a). */
+ else if (next_char_prop == GBP_SPACINGMARK)
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* No break after Prepend characters (GB9b). */
+ else if (prop == GBP_PREPEND)
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* No break within certain combinations of Indic_Conjunct_Break
+ values: Between
+ consonant {extend|linker}* linker {extend|linker}*
+ and
+ consonant
+ (GB9c). */
+ else if (next_char_incb == UC_INDIC_CONJUNCT_BREAK_CONSONANT
+ && ends_with_incb_consonant_extended_linker_extended (s, s_start))
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* No break within emoji modifier sequences or emoji zwj sequences
+ (GB11). */
+ else if (next_char_epic
+ && prop == GBP_ZWJ
+ && ends_with_emoji_modifier_sequence (prev_s, s_start))
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* No break between RI if there is an odd number of RI
+ characters before (GB12, GB13). */
+ else if (next_char_prop == GBP_RI
+ && prop == GBP_RI
+ && (ends_with_ri_count (prev_s, s_start) % 2) == 0)
+ /* *p = 0 */;
+ /* Break everywhere (GB999). */
+ else
+ break /* *p = 1 */;
+ }
+
+ s = prev_s;
+ next_char_prop = prop;
+ next_char_incb = incb;
+ next_char_epic = epic;
+ }
+ while (s > s_start);
+
+ return s;
+}