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/* Exporting symbols from Windows shared libraries.
Copyright (C) 2006, 2011-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written by Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>, 2006.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of either:
* the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
or
* the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
or both in parallel, as here.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
/* There are four ways to build shared libraries on Windows:
- Export only functions, no variables.
This has the drawback of severely affecting the programming style in use.
It does not let the programmer use full ANSI C. It lets one platform
dictate the code style on all platforms. This is unacceptable.
- Use the GNU ld --enable-auto-import option. It is the default on Cygwin
since July 2005. But it has three fatal drawbacks:
- It produces executables and shared libraries with relocations in the
.text segment, defeating the principles of virtual memory.
- For some constructs such as
extern int var;
int * const b = &var;
it creates an executable that will give an error at runtime, rather
than either a compile-time or link-time error or a working executable.
(This is with both gcc and g++.) Whereas this code, not relying on
auto-import:
extern __declspec (dllimport) int var;
int * const b = &var;
gives a compile-time error with gcc and works with g++.
- It doesn't work in some cases (references to a member field of an
exported struct variable, or to a particular element of an exported
array variable), requiring code modifications. Again one platform
dictates code modifications on all platforms.
This is unacceptable. Therefore we disable this option, through the
woe32-dll.m4 autoconf macro.
- Define a macro that expands to __declspec(dllexport) when building
the library and to __declspec(dllimport) when building code outside
the library, and use it in all header files of the library.
This is acceptable if
1. the header files are unique to this library (not shared with
other packages), and
2. the library sources are contained in one directory, making it easy
to define a -DBUILDING_LIBXYZ flag for the library.
Example:
#ifdef BUILDING_LIBICONV
#define LIBICONV_SHLIB_EXPORTED __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define LIBICONV_SHLIB_EXPORTED __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
We use this technique for the libintl and the libiconv libraries.
- Define a macro that expands to __declspec(dllimport) always, and use
it in all header files of the library. Use an explicit export list for
the library.
This is acceptable if
1. the programming language is not C++ (because the name mangling of
static struct/class fields and of variables in namespaces makes it
hard to maintain an export list).
The benefit of this approach is that the partitioning of the source files
into libraries (which source file goes into which library) does not
affect the source code; only the Makefiles reflect it.
The performance loss due to the unnecessary indirection for references
to variables from within the library defining the variable is acceptable.
We use this technique for libgettextlib (because it contains many gnulib
modules) and for libgettextsrc (because this makes it easy to move source
code from an msg* program to libgettextsrc). The macro is called
DLL_VARIABLE.
This file allows building an explicit export list. You can either
- specify the variables to be exported, and use the GNU ld option
--export-all-symbols to export all function names, or
- specify the variables and functions to be exported explicitly.
Note: --export-all-symbols is the default when no other symbol is explicitly
exported. This means, the use of an explicit export on the variables has
the effect of no longer exporting the functions! - until the option
--export-all-symbols is used.
See <https://haible.de/bruno/woe32dll.html> for more details. */
#if defined __GNUC__ /* GCC compiler, GNU toolchain */
/* IMP(x) is a symbol that contains the address of x. */
# if defined _WIN64 || defined _LP64
# define IMP(x) __imp_##x
# else
# define IMP(x) _imp__##x
# endif
/* Ensure that the variable x is exported from the library, and that a
pseudo-variable IMP(x) is available. */
# define VARIABLE(x) \
/* Export x without redefining x. This code was found by compiling a \
snippet: \
extern __declspec(dllexport) int x; int x = 42; */ \
asm (".section .drectve\n"); \
asm (".ascii \" -export:" #x ",data\"\n"); \
asm (".data\n"); \
/* Allocate a pseudo-variable IMP(x). */ \
extern int x; \
void * IMP(x) = &x;
#else /* non-GNU compiler, non-GNU toolchain */
# define VARIABLE(x) /* nothing */
#endif
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