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diff --git a/lib/mbrtoc32.c b/lib/mbrtoc32.c
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+/* Convert multibyte character to 32-bit wide character.
+ Copyright (C) 2020-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
+ License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+/* Written by Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>, 2020. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+/* Specification. */
+#include <uchar.h>
+
+#include "attribute.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#if GL_CHAR32_T_IS_UNICODE
+# include "lc-charset-unicode.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t /* AIX, IRIX */
+/* Implement mbrtoc32() on top of mbtowc() for the non-UTF-8 locales
+ and directly for the UTF-8 locales. */
+
+/* Note: On AIX (64-bit) we can implement mbrtoc32 in two equivalent ways:
+ - in a way that parallels the override of mbrtowc; this is the code branch
+ here;
+ - in a way that invokes the overridden mbrtowc; this would be the #else
+ branch below.
+ They are equivalent. */
+
+# if AVOID_ANY_THREADS
+
+/* The option '--disable-threads' explicitly requests no locking. */
+
+# elif defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+
+# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN /* avoid including junk */
+# include <windows.h>
+
+# elif HAVE_PTHREAD_API
+
+# include <pthread.h>
+# if HAVE_THREADS_H && HAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS
+# include <threads.h>
+# pragma weak thrd_exit
+# define c11_threads_in_use() (thrd_exit != NULL)
+# else
+# define c11_threads_in_use() 0
+# endif
+
+# elif HAVE_THREADS_H
+
+# include <threads.h>
+
+# endif
+
+# include "lc-charset-dispatch.h"
+# include "mbtowc-lock.h"
+
+static_assert (sizeof (mbstate_t) >= 4);
+static char internal_state[4];
+
+size_t
+mbrtoc32 (char32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n, mbstate_t *ps)
+{
+# define FITS_IN_CHAR_TYPE(wc) 1
+# include "mbrtowc-impl.h"
+}
+
+#else /* glibc, macOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, HP-UX, Solaris, Cygwin, mingw, MSVC, Minix, Android */
+
+/* Implement mbrtoc32() based on the original mbrtoc32() or on mbrtowc(). */
+
+# include <wchar.h>
+
+# include "localcharset.h"
+# include "streq.h"
+
+# if MBRTOC32_IN_C_LOCALE_MAYBE_EILSEQ
+# include "hard-locale.h"
+# include <locale.h>
+# endif
+
+static mbstate_t internal_state;
+
+size_t
+mbrtoc32 (char32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n, mbstate_t *ps)
+# undef mbrtoc32
+{
+ /* It's simpler to handle the case s == NULL upfront, than to worry about
+ this case later, before every test of pwc and n. */
+ if (s == NULL)
+ {
+ pwc = NULL;
+ s = "";
+ n = 1;
+ }
+
+# if MBRTOC32_EMPTY_INPUT_BUG || _GL_SMALL_WCHAR_T
+ if (n == 0)
+ return (size_t) -2;
+# endif
+
+ if (ps == NULL)
+ ps = &internal_state;
+
+# if HAVE_WORKING_MBRTOC32
+ /* mbrtoc32() may produce different values for wc than mbrtowc(). Therefore
+ use mbrtoc32(). */
+
+# if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+ char32_t wc;
+ size_t ret = mbrtoc32 (&wc, s, n, ps);
+ if (ret < (size_t) -2 && pwc != NULL)
+ *pwc = wc;
+# else
+ size_t ret = mbrtoc32 (pwc, s, n, ps);
+# endif
+
+# if GNULIB_MBRTOC32_REGULAR
+ /* Verify that mbrtoc32 is regular. */
+ if (ret < (size_t) -3 && ! mbsinit (ps))
+ /* This occurs on glibc 2.36. */
+ mbszero (ps);
+ if (ret == (size_t) -3)
+ abort ();
+# endif
+
+# if MBRTOC32_IN_C_LOCALE_MAYBE_EILSEQ
+ if ((size_t) -2 <= ret && n != 0 && ! hard_locale (LC_CTYPE))
+ {
+ if (pwc != NULL)
+ *pwc = (unsigned char) *s;
+ return 1;
+ }
+# endif
+
+ return ret;
+
+# elif _GL_SMALL_WCHAR_T
+
+ /* Special-case all encodings that may produce wide character values
+ > WCHAR_MAX. */
+ const char *encoding = locale_charset ();
+ if (STREQ_OPT (encoding, "UTF-8", 'U', 'T', 'F', '-', '8', 0, 0, 0, 0))
+ {
+ /* Special-case the UTF-8 encoding. Assume that the wide-character
+ encoding in a UTF-8 locale is UCS-2 or, equivalently, UTF-16. */
+ /* Here n > 0. */
+ char *pstate = (char *)ps;
+ size_t nstate = pstate[0];
+ char buf[4];
+ const char *p;
+ size_t m;
+ int res;
+
+ switch (nstate)
+ {
+ case 0:
+ p = s;
+ m = n;
+ break;
+ case 3:
+ buf[2] = pstate[3];
+ FALLTHROUGH;
+ case 2:
+ buf[1] = pstate[2];
+ FALLTHROUGH;
+ case 1:
+ buf[0] = pstate[1];
+ p = buf;
+ m = nstate;
+ buf[m++] = s[0];
+ if (n >= 2 && m < 4)
+ {
+ buf[m++] = s[1];
+ if (n >= 3 && m < 4)
+ buf[m++] = s[2];
+ }
+ break;
+ default:
+ errno = EINVAL;
+ return (size_t)(-1);
+ }
+
+ /* Here m > 0. */
+
+ {
+# define FITS_IN_CHAR_TYPE(wc) 1
+# include "mbrtowc-impl-utf8.h"
+ }
+
+ success:
+ if (nstate >= (res > 0 ? res : 1))
+ abort ();
+ res -= nstate;
+ /* Set *ps to an initial state. */
+# if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+ /* Native Windows. */
+ /* MSVC defines 'mbstate_t' as an 8-byte struct; the first 4 bytes matter.
+ On mingw, 'mbstate_t' is sometimes defined as 'int', sometimes defined
+ as an 8-byte struct, of which the first 4 bytes matter. */
+ *(unsigned int *)pstate = 0;
+# elif defined __CYGWIN__
+ /* Cygwin defines 'mbstate_t' as an 8-byte struct; the first 4 bytes
+ matter. */
+ ps->__count = 0;
+# else
+ pstate[0] = 0;
+# endif
+ return res;
+
+ incomplete:
+ {
+ size_t k = nstate;
+ /* Here 0 <= k < m < 4. */
+ pstate[++k] = s[0];
+ if (k < m)
+ {
+ pstate[++k] = s[1];
+ if (k < m)
+ pstate[++k] = s[2];
+ }
+ if (k != m)
+ abort ();
+ }
+ pstate[0] = m;
+ return (size_t)(-2);
+
+ invalid:
+ errno = EILSEQ;
+ /* The conversion state is undefined, says POSIX. */
+ return (size_t)(-1);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ wchar_t wc;
+ size_t ret = mbrtowc (&wc, s, n, ps);
+ if (ret < (size_t) -2 && pwc != NULL)
+ *pwc = wc;
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+# else
+
+ /* char32_t and wchar_t are equivalent. Use mbrtowc(). */
+ wchar_t wc;
+ size_t ret = mbrtowc (&wc, s, n, ps);
+
+# if GNULIB_MBRTOC32_REGULAR
+ /* Ensure that mbrtoc32 is regular. */
+ if (ret < (size_t) -2 && ! mbsinit (ps))
+ /* This occurs on glibc 2.12. */
+ mbszero (ps);
+# endif
+
+# if GL_CHAR32_T_IS_UNICODE && GL_CHAR32_T_VS_WCHAR_T_NEEDS_CONVERSION
+ if (ret < (size_t) -2 && wc != 0)
+ {
+ wc = locale_encoding_to_unicode (wc);
+ if (wc == 0)
+ {
+ ret = (size_t) -1;
+ errno = EILSEQ;
+ }
+ }
+# endif
+ if (ret < (size_t) -2 && pwc != NULL)
+ *pwc = wc;
+ return ret;
+
+# endif
+}
+
+#endif